Understanding Different Types of Terrorism

How Does Meditation Change The Brain And Body - 1443 Words

How Does Meditation Change the Brain and Body The implications of meditation have long been controversial and abundant research studies have been done in support of meditations potential to change the brain and body. The results within this research paper center on main changes in the brain such as reducing depression, effecting levels of cognitive flexibility, and creativity due to meditation. The research also focuses on variations within the body as well as changes that may be included in both topics of brain and body relating to stress regulation, heart rate variability, and emotional responses. This research paper examines these articles and their studies in order to support the argument that meditation encourages positive changes†¦show more content†¦With results from these self-report analyses, the anxious arousal over time after each of the four classes involving meditation compared with the control group grew increasingly more significant. This positive relationship demonstrates the affirmative effect of meditation. The important details in this study that also help support the findings in the first article mentioned in this paper, are the results that reduced distress was encouraged in this study by meditations ability to aid breast cancer survivors in emotion regulation which in turn led to reduced stress (Boyle et al., 2017). We can now start to see how these articles link emotion in support of the argument of benefits of meditation to the brain. While Shearer et al.’s (2016) study focuses on student stress and HRV; it also suggests that HRV is a prime indicator to evaluate the influence of meditation on emotional regulation, because it cannot be biased whereas a self-report may be subjected to such partiality. This note is significant because this data is impartial and provides numerical figures that aid the argument presented in a more pressing way than some of the other studies examined might. Another study done by Rosenberg, Zanesco, King, Aichele, Jacobs, Bridwell and Saron (2015) also provides us with objective data relative to meditation and its affiliation with enhancing emotion regulation. This was the first study to take experienced meditatorsShow MoreRelated Meditation and the Brain Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesMeditation and the Brain When discussing the relationship of brain and behavior, the materialist view of human experience runs into conflict with the historically dominant religious accounts. Recent studies, however, suggests that there may be a middle view between the two world-views. Religions, especially Buddhism, stress the role of meditation in ones spiritual growth. Meditation has tangible psychological and physiological benefits, though, which can be explained strictly in neurobiologicalRead MoreThe Power Of The Mind : Mindfulness Meditation1574 Words   |  7 PagesNichols Travis Health 101 4-20-2017 The Power of the Mind: Mindfulness Meditation Mind over matter, the idea that our minds have the power to overcome physical problems. One of the most ancient techniques that points to this concept is called mindfulness meditation. This ancient practice is now being researched by todays psychologist and neuro scientist for its benefits to our wellness. My research topic will explain how meditation impacts our health. If our minds have the power to heal ourselves throughRead MoreMeditation Replacement For Patients With Depression Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages I: Main topic = Meditation replace medication in terms of treating depression. A.Introduce main topic, thesis, terms, etc (Introductory Paragraph) i. Hook: The recognition of depression as a common mental illness should lead to studies regarding what form of treatment is best for a patient, but antidepressants seem to be the unimpressive go-to. ii. Terms discussed in paper: CBT: Cognitive-behavioural therapy; HEP: Health enhancement program; TAU: Treatment as usual; TRD: Treatment-resistantRead MoreHow Meditation Affects Brain Plasticity Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesMeditation means to concentrate and connect with ones’ own mind, to explore identity and emotions in order to be aware of conscious, sub-conscious and unconscious thoughts. Meditation originates and has been has been practiced in Asia for thousands of years for different reasons such as increasing concentration abilities, religious purposes and also to train the mind. This essay will focus on how meditation affects brain plasticity (ability to change), emotionally and intellectually, leading to betterRead MoreDescartes Meditations And The Separation Of Mind And Body1608 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ Meditations take us through what can be called into doubt and what he concludes is absolutely certain. Descartes argues that the mind and body are two distinct things, but he acknowledges that they are somehow connected. Although, Scholars have noted Descartes’ argument of the separation of mind and body, they have missed the importance of how he justifies the connection between the two, because God willed it so. At the start of his meditations Descartes is sifting through his priorRead More How The Brain Works Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesphysical events, and scientists believe examining single nerves is the key to understanding how the brain works as a complete unit. Understanding the brain at the nerve cell level will allow scientists to understand how human consciousness works (Blakeslee, 1992). Furthermore, the brains thalamus is identified as the possible sensory connector because it fires 40 impulses per second that sweep through the entire brain (Blakeslee, 1995a). These findings are a serious implication to Dualism because it statesRead MoreAlternative Medicine On The Body And The Brain1272 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief that the body and the brain can heal themselves and prevent illness. Alternative medicine focuses on the use of natural means to build up one s energy and immune system for wellness and prevention. Alternative medicine focuses on improving brain chemistry through n atural means. It focuses on getting the body to take care of itself. Alternative medicine is based on the premise that health is impacted by the energy body, the conscious and subconscious mind and the physical body. Thoughts, energyRead MoreEssay on Descartes - Meditations1640 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. His uncertainty of things that existence ranges from God to himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by first proving that he exists. After he establishes himself he can go on to establish everything else in the world. Next he goes to prove that the mind is separate then the body. In order to do this he must first prove he has a mind, and then prove that bodily things exist. I doRead More Descartes - Meditations Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pages In the Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. His uncertainty of things that existence ranges from God to himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by first proving that he exists. After he establishes himself he can go on to establish everything else in the world. Next he goes to prove that the mind is separate then the body. In order to do this he must first prove he has a mind, and then prove that bodily things exist. I do agreeRead MoreThe Impact of Stress on Health Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiencing difficulties in coping with the situations they are in due to the lacking of abilities or knowledge to handle them (Anxiety UK, ND). These situations are often referred as stressors. The way how individuals are reacting to these stressors is referred as stress response. Stress does not directly causes infections or ill-health to a person. Instead, the products produced in the process of stress interfere with the usual operations of the immune system. Numerous studies have proved that

An Exciting Season Essay Example For Students

An Exciting Season Essay Winter is my favorite season for a variety of reasons. First, I love when snowdrifts pile up high and deep. Second, when it does snow, I can make snowmen; build forts, and bomb people with snowballs. In winter, I hear Christmas caroling and jingle bells ringing. When the snow drifts up high and deep, school will be canceled and I will have more time to play. Also, my mom will enjoy it more because she can be at home and not work because of the drifts. Also, in the winter I hear Christmas caroling around the courtyard. The jingle bells are ringing and telling me I better hurry and catch my ride. The I hear paper ripping of the presents and children shouting for joy when they get what they wanted. Last but not least, when winter comes that means St. Nick will be here and he has something for me. Then on Dec. 31, I will hear paper ripping and that mean its my birthday. For all of these reasons, I hope you favorite season will be winter, trust me, its a lot of enjoyment for all ages.

The History of Women Activism in America

Introduction The history of women activism in America was at its peak in the 1950s. This period was considered as the response to lowest point of the modern American feminism. At this period, the women came out strongly to express their concerns regarding the sexuality inequality at workplaces and in workers unions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Women Activism in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The proof of these activisms is still evident in the current persistent voice and influence of women at workplaces. The main fights of the female activism at the workplace was to remove unequal salary rates, discrimination of the seniority based on gender, classifying occupation based on sexual orientation. Thesis During the period between 1950 and 1960, American female activism changed the American society. The American feminist movement was able to raise public awareness concerning the problem of women discrimination and consequently improve the position of women in terms of career opportunities and employment terms. Changing the Reality: Education and Work In the 1950s, the US experienced a great change in the role of women from the traditional notion that women were not as predictable and reliable as men (Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 76). This caused a social tension with domestic ideals for the women were conflicting with the inalienable rights principle. The changing trend of the working women after the Second World War and naà ¯ve notion that women would go back to the traditional role of taking care of the home while men go to work evoked an atmosphere of unsettled and repeatedly unnamed discord. This social tension concerning the place of the female gender became a very crucial phenomenon in the US history as it resulted in greater social reform of the 1960s and 1970s. The most crucial argument concerns education and work experience for women and men. In the M odern Woman: The Lost Sex article written by Farnham and Lundburg, a number of factors are identified which lead to the rise of masculine dominance in the society. In the same line, Marynia Farnham and Ferdinand Lundburg noted that the level of a woman’s education and her work experience resulted in conflict of the mutually exclusive spheres and this interaction of the gender roles undermines the women’s commitment to the home as they struggle unsuccessful to pursue roles dominated by men (Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 76).Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Farnham and Lundburg purport that the women’s inability to belong to either of the spheres of work and homemaker resulted in dissatisfaction for themselves as well as their husbands (Friedan, 2001, p. 63). This means that women have to slice the glorious roles home making and children caring and then sup press their aspiration and endeavor of becoming a wage earner or professionals (Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 79). This argument put blameworthiness on the women’s’ dissatisfaction and their defiance of the traditionally prescribed feminine role. This is however incongruous with the modern world. Notion of happiness though it was dominant in the 1940s. The women’s liberation movement emerged as a reaction to these prevailing conditions in 1950 and 1960 that pushed women to the limits of having to aggressively struggle for a position in the society. Women did not want to be looked at as just belonging in the home to function as fulltime housewives, to rear children and maintain the house for their husbands and children (Jacquelyn, 2005, p. 1235). However, the society looked at a working and married woman as having put her personal selfish interest ahead of those of the family. Women were supposed to be subordinate to the men and constantly being reminded that their ro le was to obey (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 101). Besides, divorce was a social misdeed and many were ashamed of getting a divorce and struggled to avoid it as much as possible. Moreover, these ideas were taught all over, ranging from media to churches and schools. The word war II took a lot of men away to fight and the industry at home required workers and more women begun to get jobs to fill these gaps. The greatest challenge was to get women out of these workplaces as the number of men increased after the World War II. Having to work for pay in the growing industries created new problems for the women and they had to deal with them fast. There was some kind of discrimination at work that was not initially found at home. Women endured domination by husband and children looking up to them but at work, they were supposed to deal with a boss who was not a relative and a bunch of male colleges who could have looked at women mainly as sex objects (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 101). Ge tting an education and work experience became a problem and a growing concern emerged of separating womanhood and work role. The lifestyle of the US had however grown to a point that it needed two sources of income to sustain a family. The concept of women having an income became crucial in sustain a family and also a driving force in the attainment of the female autonomy and definitely became a factor of cognitive dissonance concerning the position of a woman.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Women Activism in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Issues that emerged include the question that if a woman’s income helped sustain the family was she to remain a homemaker? Or if she has a college education why should she be a stay home mum? If she can do a professional job why should she fail to be promoted like her male counterparts? The women liberation was a very important factor at this moment in time growing from these questions. This increased the women’s experiences with sexual stereotyping at work, low salaries and unequal nature of work. This increased awareness was morally and biologically relevant and the women were inspired to seek equality at work (Friedan, 2001, p. 68). This saw the Equal Right Amendments to emphasize the equal roles and right of the male and female sexes. The women liberation provided inherent zeal to all social classes, as the society shifted towards the paid work transformed the social position of American women in different circumstances. This trend opened up new opportunities and possibilities. Traditionally, women of bourgeois and pretty bourgeoisie would assist their husbands on the farm or in small businesses (Friedan, 2001, p. 68). Currently, many women have attained a college education because the movement helped to empower them (Jacquelyn, 2005, p. 1235). With college education, women are currently striving to pu rsue independent careers as professionals. Many women are now in working class as part time employees or full time employee therefore earning additional income to complement that earned by their husbands (Friedan, 2001, p. 69). Equal Pay The traces of civil right movement could have even evident in the changes of the laws around working issues Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The connection between discrimination with sexual orientation and social class is all-encompassing in the modern world as it addresses a wider range of issues highlighted in the social reform insured by the activism in the 1950s (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 101). Women are now being included in the work system as professional to managers, leaders and professionals together with the male workers and then be paid equal salaries as the male workers (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The women liberation movement bore this equality concept and a type of incremental change engraved in legislation. The equal rights act has hel ped to make discrimination based on sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, and race illegal and intolerable in the US (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). The movement was considered a form of liberal feminism and therefore less radical form of female activism (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67).Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the period after 1950s brought great change in women in the American workforce. More women have gotten into the workforce. In the past, it was not very easy to convince women to pursue professional jobs, but the media slathered the idea of women working temporary anywhere Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The women’s guilt to go to work and be seen and overlooking the role of taking care of the family is now a thing of the past. During the years the Second World War was taking place, many women took jobs even in the federal bureaucracy. The government has supported the idea that women doing the same job as men should get the same or equal payment (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The government has also supported the creation of a number of childcare centers to help take care of the idea that women should assume the role of child rearing. In the past, women were discriminated and segregated to certain jobs so that they could be given lesser pay and were barred from taking cert ain jobs as they were considered to be men types of jobs (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The women were considered not fit to take on such roles because they were too demanding, used a lot of energy or for the fact that women lacked the temperament for to handle stressful jobs (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 106). Generally, since the 1950s women liberation campaign to create awareness for equality of men and women, the role of both sexes in the 21st century has changed and the government has also been pushed to help to attain these goals (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 71). There are a number of anti-discrimination law provisions put in place for these reasons. The employment sector is govern by equal pay provision provided in the industrial law and right to equal chance of employment and participation in any form of employment (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). The law states that both men and women are legitimate worker and as such they should not be treated to any form of discrimin ation when accessing opportunities to work, the alternative they need to use, the remuneration and the work benefits provided by the government and employers (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 44). Women have more employment option than the time before 1950s when they were restricted to certain kinds of work and blocked form venturing into others. Legislation provides that they be exposed to equal chance of employment even though this took a lot of years to achieve (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 73). Employment Rights Even thought women became embraced as equal workmates to men at the workplace, their position as home makers was less affected. They still handled it as their second shift after work (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). As a result, the women’s movement continued to struggle for more convenient laws against discrimination at the larger society level. The period around 1950s saw the congress pass a number of bills that had been introduced previously but no action had been taken on t hem (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 46). The civil right act of 1964 had a clause protecting women but this was being used by conservatives to stop the bill from passing but women used Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to fight discrimination (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 5). Many companies could not just handle their businesses in the same old manner as the pressure from women demonstrations and campaigns pushed the government to intervene (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 46). Employers now provide work rights to their workers like maternity leaves, childcare and sick days to allow women to attend their private lives and the role of child bearing. Considering the role of women as child bearers to continue human posterity their increased shift into paid work seemed to have greatly affected fertility rates. However, there are new organization policies that emerged to provide a conducive working atmosphere for women. This allows them to take care of their work and f amily responsibilities (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 48). These provisions are addressed by the government, trade unions and other humanitarian organization. They all assert that better employers are those who recognize that employees have families and they need also to take care of their family responsibilities. These provisions enable women to benefit from paternal leaves, personal, and carer’s leave. Other important provision that have been achieve include job sharing and assistance together with childcare services at work but this is scare and only found in few organization (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). But with the trend set to continue increasing, many organizations will soon offer this. There is also the home based employment and part-time option. Women into Leadership Positions Member of women in trade unions increased during this period of liberation to levels of up 45% in some organization. These women were hopeful that the union would address their p light and provide equal not comparable opportunities for men and women (The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). Just the women tight movement inspired college women to be aggressive in fighting for their position in the society; the unions here provided the means, the experience, the training and the discourse to attain their goals. Women had very few top union positions but they still owned power and gained experience from the secondary positions of leadership. From such actions, there came very protective legislation that blocked women form progressing into the corporate leadership. The men at the top if the corporations demanded that managers and employees doing professional works should do so without overtime compensation but just the normal salary The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). This work condition for women violated the protective laws and women were effectively blocked from pursuing top management positions. In a number of organizations, this cause more aggressive campa igns to repeal the laws. The protective laws had kept female works away from heavy work. They did not understand why proletarian women would be required to lift heavy weights instead of offering mechanical assistance to the persons required to do that particular job. Definitely, these laws were providing inequality The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). Complete equality for both men and women are simple consistent with realization of the pledge for bourgeois democratic rights but left inequality in the society (Moss, 2010, p. 45). However since the struggle for equal opportunities, women are now being included as managers, leaders and professions at top managerial positions (The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). Even though the percentages are still smaller in many organizations, the rate of improvement in the modern world is promising. Full equality is set to come from increased change of legislation like the Equal Pay Act Of 1963 and The Equal Rights Act Of 1964; the word sex is included alongside ethnicity, religion and race as the grounds or cause for which discrimination is made illegal (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). Conclusion The recent activities of the women liberation greatly changed the woman’s position in the society and this opened up the society leading to questioning of the subordination of women. The idea of women liberation has been evidence in working environment which still insist that there has to be complete societal change to attain full emancipation of women. This movement since of about 60 years has changed what it means to be a woman. Some people claim the paradox of economic relevant to socially subverted notion that women have surpassed men in the professional field. Second wave of feminism and the opposing anti-feminism are shaping the way a modern woman would behave in a unique manner. Reference List Akkerman, T., Stuurman, S. (2008) Perspectives on Feminist Political Thought In European History: From The Mi ddle Ages To The Present. London/New York: Routledge. De Beauvoir, S., Borde C. Chevailler S. (2010). The Second Sex, New York: Alfred A. Knopf Friedan B. (2001). The Feminine Mystique. New York: Norton. Jacquelyn, H. (2005), ‘The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past,’ Journal of American History 91, pp. 1233-1263 Kessler-Harris, A., (2003). Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Moss, G. (2010), Moving On: The American People since 1945 (4th Ed.). Englewood Cliff: Prentice Hall Norton, M.B., Ruth, M.A., (2007). Major Problems in American Women’s History, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company The United States Congress. (1963) Equal Pay Act of 1963. Retrieved from https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/epa.cfm The United States Senate. (1964) â€Å"Civil Rights Act of 1964†. Retrieved from https://finduslaw.com/civil-rights-act-1964-cra-title-vii-equal-employment- opportunities-42-us-code-chapter-21 This research paper on The History of Women Activism in America was written and submitted by user LukeSkywalker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers Essay Example

They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers Essay In Shakespeares play of Romeo and Juliet, the couples lives end tragically. They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers. Their lives and deaths were told to be fate, but if certain characters made different decisions throughout this story Romeo and Juliet may have not died at all. If things were done differently this play may have not ended the way it did. Lord Capulet is one of the people who could be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet see each other and meet with each other for the first time at the ball held Lord and Lady Capulet. Romeo sees her for the first time and instantly falls in love, Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. Juliets cousins, Tybalt becomes aware of Romeos presence at the ball and automatically assumes he is here to something bad. He gets his weapon and prepares to kill him Romeo but Lord Capulet also becomes aware of Romeos presence. Tybalt tells Lord Capulet that Romeo is a member of the Montague family, This, by his voice, should be a Montague, but Lord Capulet tells Tybalt to leave him alone because he doesnt want to disturb the ball and displease his guests. However Tybalt is still desperate to kill, Ill not endure him, so Lord Capulet clearly warns Tybalt not to lay a finger on Romeo, We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He shall be endurd. What goodman boy! I say he shall. Go to! Am i the master here, or you? Go to! Youll not endure! Tybalt unwillingly listens to Lord Capulet and stay where he is. Romeo meets with Juliet and they both fall in love with each other. If Lord Capulet had not stopped Tybalt and let him throw Romeo out of the ball, Romeo may have not died at the end of the play along with Juliet. We can not blame Lord Capulet for just wanting there to be peace between the two families but unfortunately his timing wasnt perfect. But even if Romeo did get thrown out, he had already fallen in love with Juliet. He still might have tried to seek out Juliet and the tragedy may have still taken place. The next people who could be to blame are Lord and Lady Montague. Romeo didnt have a very close relationship with his parents; he would hardly talk to them and would try to avoid them. At the beginning of the play Romeo believes he is in love with Rosaline but she doesnt really want to know him. This causes Romeo heartache and his parents are aware that there is a problem with Romeo but they have no idea he is lovesick over Rosaline, And private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial night. Lord and Lady Montague knew something was bothering him but they hardly showed any effort to talk to him and listen to his problems. If they had talked to him then maybe Romeo would not have felt down and would not have been talked into going to the ball by Mercutio and Benvolio. But because of the distance between himself and his parents he may not have opened up to his parents or listened to what they had to say. Mercutio may have also been blamed for the tragedy. The reason he could have been blamed is for convincing Romeo to go to the ball. Romeo at first did not want to go to the ball but the continuous teasing from Mercutio made Romeo reluctantly agree. If Romeo had not been persuaded into going with Mercutio to the ball he would not have seen Juliet that night and their deaths could have been avoided. Juliets Nurse could also be blamed for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The Nurse had a very close relationship with Juliet, even closer than the relationship Juliet had with her mother so it was obvious Juliet would listen to the Nurse very closely. But the Nurse along with Lady Montague wanted Juliet to marry Paris so they pressured her into marrying him; they gave her so many reasons why she should marry him. But Juliet knew she didnt want to marry him and she was too young to marry him, It is an honour I dream not of. Apart from pressuring her with marriage, the Nurse also doesnt stop from marrying the wrong person. She clearly knew Romeo was a Montague from the first time she met him, His name is Romeo, and a Montague; The only son of your great enemy. And she obviously knew of the hatred between the two families and yet she went back and forth with Romeo and Juliets messages for one another and telling them where to meet for the wedding, Then hie you hence to Friar Lawrences cell, there stays a husband to make you a wife. If she would have told Juliet not to go through with the wedding Juliet may have listened to her because of the closeness and Juliet may have not died. Friar Lawrence is another person who could have be blamed for the tragedy. He has two reasons he could have been blamed. The first is because of going ahead and marrying Romeo and Juliet. He went ahead with it because he had an image in his mind of the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, Montague and Capulet, bringing the two families together, For this alliance may so happy prove, to turn your households rancour to pure love. The second reason that he could be blamed was of the plan of the poison at the end of the play. It would make Juliet seem as though she was dead for forty-eight hours, And this distilled liquor drink thou off shall run a cold and drowsy humour. It obviously didnt work because it was a risky plan. In my opinion the person who was to blame is Friar Lawrence. I think he was to blame firstly because of the marriage between Romeo and Juliet. The reason why he married them was because he thought it would bring both families together. He obviously about this carefully enough. If anything this would bring more hatred between the families. Knowing how some members of the families usually jump to conclusions, the families would blame the other ones of causing this marriage, placing the blame on the other. Romeo and Juliet would be the target of the blame from their partners family. Romeos family would blame Juliet and Juliets family would blame Romeo. Secondly I think he should be blamed because of the poison plan. This again was not thought through properly. What if the plan did work? What if Juliet awoke and Romeo got the message and was there by her side? They would have to leave Verona due to Romeos banishment and when the Capulets found that the body of Juliet was gone they would accuse the Montague because of the hate for them. Friar Lawrence didnt think all of this through down to every possibility, so he in my opinion should be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet.

What Is Stockholm Syndrome Is It Real

What Is Stockholm Syndrome Is It Real SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re studying for your AP Psychology exam, you’ve probably stumbled across the term â€Å"Stockholm Syndrome.† But what is Stockholm Syndrome, exactly? As it turns out, Stockholm Syndrome is a complicated diagnosis that is still surrounded in quite a bit of controversy. In this guide, we’ll teach you everything you need to know about Stockholm Syndrome, and we’ll answer the following frequently asked questions: What is Stockholm Syndrome? Where does it come from? What causes Stockholm Syndrome, and what are its symptoms? Is Stockholm Syndrome a real diagnosis? At the end of this article, we’ll wrap things up with an in-depth look at two real-life cases of Stockholm Syndrome. (You’ll want to stick around until the end...those cases are really interesting.) Ready? Then let’s jump in! What Is Stockholm Syndrome? Stockholm Syndrome- which is also sometimes called â€Å"trauma bonding† or â€Å"terror bonding†- is defined as the â€Å"psychological tendency of a hostage to bond with, identify with, or sympathize with his or her captor.† In other words, Stockholm Syndrome occurs when someone who is held against their will starts to have positive feelings toward the person (or group) who is holding them captive. Also, despite being a psychological phenomenon, Stockholm Syndrome isn’t a mental disorder. Instead, it’s classified as a syndrome, which is a condition that’s characterized by a set of symptoms that often occur together. In order to be diagnosed with a syndrome like Stockholm Syndrome, a person has to exhibit most- but not all!- of the major symptoms that are associated with the syndrome itself. The Kreditbanken building in Norrmalmstorg, Sweden The History of Stockholm Syndrome Unlike most syndromes, which are discovered over time as doctors uncover trends in their patients, the origin of Stockholm Syndrome can be traced back to one specific event. On the morning of August 23, 1973, Jan-Erik Olsson- who was already on parole for robbery- walked into Kreditbanken, a bank in Stockholm, Sweden. He opened fire on two Swedish police officers before taking four bank employees hostage. As part of the list of demands he issued to authorities, Olsson asked that Clark Olofsson, one of his friends from prison, be brought to him. (Olofsson would become Olsson’s accomplice in the Kreditbanken hostage situation, and he would go on to rob another bank two years later.) The hostage situation would last six days before police would use tear gas to subdue Olsson and rescue the hostages. The unfolding drama captured the world’s attention. However, over the course of those 130 hours, another strange thing happened: Olsson’s hostages began to feel sympathy for their captor. One hostage, Kristin Ehnmark, told reporters after the ordeal that she and her fellow hostages were more afraid of the police than Olsson. She and her fellow hostages would later tell authorities that they were treated kindly by Olsson, even though he was holding them captive. For instance, Olsson gave his jacket to Kristin when she began to shiver, and when Elizabeth Oldgren- another hostage- became claustrophobic, Olsson allowed her to walk outside of the vault where he was holding everyone hostage.The hostages’ sympathy of Olsson continued on even after their ordeal was over, and some of them even went to visit Olsson in prison! The psychiatrists who treated the victims compared their behavior to the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, that they saw in soldiers returning from war. But that diagnosis didn’t quite fit, especially since the Kreditbanken hostage victims felt emotionally indebted to Olsson. They felt that Olsson, not the police, spared them from death, and they were grateful to Olsson for how kind he was to them. This unique set of symptoms led psychiatrists to label this phenomenon â€Å"Stockholm Syndrome,† which is still what we call it today. Nick Youngson/Alpha Stock Images What Causes Stockholm Syndrome? Stockholm Syndrome occurs in people who have been kidnapped or taken hostage and held against their will. It’s common for people to think that someone must be held hostage for a long period of time to develop Stockholm Syndrome, but new research suggests that isn’t true. Experts believe that it’s the intensity of the experience- not the length of it- that’s one of the primary contributors to whether someone will experience Stockholm Syndrome. Additionally, some psychologists believe that Stockholm Syndrome is more likely in situations where the captors don’t physically abuse their hostages. Instead, captors rely on the threat of violence instead. This can be aimed toward the victim, the victim’s families, or even other hostages. If victims believe their captors will carry through on their threats, it makes them more compliant. Additionally, the lack of violence becomes a sign of kindness. In other words, because a captor could- but doesn’t- act on their threats, victims begin to see that as a sign that their captors care about them. This tension creates the defining characteristic of Stockholm Syndrome, where victims start to sympathize with and/or care about their captors. We can definitely see this in the case of the Kreditbanken robbery. Olssen threatened his hostages with physical violence but never carried through. The hostages told the press that they didn’t feel Olssen was a bad person, especially since he didn’t physically mistreat them during the hostage crisis. Circumstances like these can cause victims to think of their captors as essentially nice- or sometimes even good- people who are taking care of them. Cases of Stockholm Syndrome can show evidence of emotional manipulation or abuse, however. In these instances, the captors use emotional tactics to convince victims to sympathize with them and comply with their demands. This can involve convincing victims that the outside world is more dangerous than staying with their captors or persuading victims that the kidnapper is a victim, too.This makes victims feel like they are unable to escape from their situation, which is why people with Stockholm Syndrome stay with their captors. From a psychological perspective, most psychologists and psychiatrists believe that Stockholm Syndrome is, at its core, all about survival instinct. When people are put into extremely dangerous or traumatic situations, they often behave instinctually in order to survive. You’ve probably heard of this phenomenon phrased as â€Å"fight or flight† instinct, where you either run, freeze, or attack when you’re scared. (For the record, we’re runners.) But survival instinct is actually much more complicated than that, especially when it comes to complex trauma. In the case of Stockholm Syndrome, victims become attached to their captors as a way to cope with their situation. This is also a way for victims to try to make their captors sympathize with them, and thus make it less likely for their captors to hurt or kill them. In other words, building an emotional connection becomes a victim’s way to both cope with his/her new reality and, hopefully, to survive. Having said all of this, there’s one last- but important- thing to realize about Stockholm Syndrome: it doesn’t involve any conscious choice on the part of the victim. Here’s what we mean. Say you’ve been kidnapped, and you’re being held against your will. You might decide to be nice to your kidnappers in an attempt to stay alive and, hopefully, escape. In this scenario, you choose to act in a certain way. Stockholm Syndrome, on the other hand, only occurs when the victim starts subconsciously and involuntarily sympathizing with their captor. In these instances, victims don’t have any conscious idea of what they’re doing, and their feelings toward their kidnappers last long after they’ve been freed. What Are the Symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome? At this point, it’s clear that Stockholm Syndrome is situational, which means that it’s something a person develops in a certain set of very traumatic circumstances. (Namely, the victim has been taken hostage by a stranger and is being held captive.) Now let’s take a look at the four major symptoms someone with Stockholm Syndrome experiences. Symptom 1: The Victim Has Positive Feelings Toward the Captor Like we’ve mentioned before, this is the hallmark of Stockholm Syndrome. Despite being in a terrifying situation, someone developing Stockholm Syndrome will start to sympathize, care about, or feel positively about the person (or people) who are holding them hostage. These positive feelings make the victim more likely to comply with their captors’ demands and feel guilty when they don’t. This was certainly true for the hostages in the Kreditbanken robbery. After her release, Kristin Ehnmark- one of the hostages- would tell reporters that she â€Å"felt like a traitor† when she gave the police information behind Olsson’s back. Additionally, these feelings come from a perception that the captors are treating them kindly. Another of the Kreditbanken victims, Sven Safstrà ¶m, remembers his reaction to Olsson’s threats. â€Å"All that comes back to me [now],† he would tell reporters later, â€Å"is how kind I thought [Olsson] was for saying it was just my leg he would shoot.† These perceived acts of kindness make victims feel like their captors are caring for or protecting them, even in a bad situation. This can make victims think of their captors as good people in a bad situation, rather than criminals who are breaking the law. And remember: for the victim, these positive feelings develop subconsciously and is completely outside of their control. This reaction is their instinctual reaction to a dangerous and traumatic situation, and it’s a survival tactic. Symptom 2: The Victim Has Negative Feelings Toward Family, Friends, or Authorities Because the victim is aligning with their captor, victims also begin to adopt their way of thinking. Since the captors are afraid of being caught and prosecuted, the victims often take on the same anxiety as well. Additionally, some kidnappers also convince their victims that they are protecting them from a dangerous world, not the other way around. This was the case in the Kreditbanken case, where the hostages became afraid that the police- not Olsson- were the real threat. In a phone call with Sweden’s Prime Minister, Kristin Ehnmark explained that while she was being treated well, she was afraid â€Å"the police will attack and kill us† instead. Experts explain that the phenomenon of sympathizing with the captor is a type of hypervigilance, where victims believe that the happiness of their captors is critical to their own wellbeing and safety. In other words, when the captor feels happy and safe, the victims are, too. That’s why victims displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome turn on people who threaten the captor-captive relationship, including the authorities. Symptom 3: The Captor Has Positive Feelings Toward the Victim There are two ways this works. In one aspect, the victim perceives that their captor actually cares about them. This has a lot to do with the â€Å"kindness† we mentioned earlier. When captors don’t act on their threats- or when they do small, seemingly nice things for their victims- it can seem like they actually care about the people they’re holding captive. For example, during her time as a hostage in the Kreditbanken robbery, Elizabeth Oldgren was used by Olsson as a human shield. But he also gave her his jacket when she got cold, which Elizabeth saw as a sign of Olsson’s goodness. She would later tell reporters that although she had â€Å"known him a day when I felt his coat around† her, she was also â€Å"sure [Olsson] had always been that way.† Despite Olsson’s threats and posturing, his one act of compassion made Elizabeth think that he cared about her well-being, too. The second way this works is when authorities, like FBI or police negotiators, use tactics to get captors to see their victims as humans. By doing things like asking captors to call their hostages by their first names, the authorities work to humanize the victims. Doing so makes captors less likely to kill their victims because they’re afraid of getting caught, and the FBI trains its members to use this tactic to â€Å"help preserve life.† Symptom 4: The Victim Supports or Helps the Captor The final symptom of Stockholm Syndrome comes when a victim, instead of trying to escape, tries to help their captor rather than the authorities. In this case, the victim is putting the needs of their captor above their own freedom in order to survive. By this point, someone displaying the symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome already believes that their captor might hurt them or people they care about if they don’t comply with their demands. But more importantly, the victim has started to see the world from their captor’s point of view. Helping their captor isn’t something they’re forced to do- people with Stockholm Syndrome do so out of their own free will and their survival instinct. This last symptom can be particularly confusing for authorities, especially when they don’t realize that the victim has Stockholm Syndrome. During the Kreditbanken incident, Kristin Ehnmark was allowed to speak the then-Prime Minister, Olof Palme, on the phone. Not only did she express a distrust of the police, she also demanded that the victims be allowed to escape with Olsson, not from him! To make things more complicated, this symptom can also manifest itself in a desire to help captors even after the victim has been freed. In fact, Kristen and the other victims of the Kreditbanken robbery visited Olsson in prison for years after the incident. Is Stockholm Syndrome the Same Thing as Being in an Abusive Relationship? The short answer? No. Even though many of the causes and symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome sound like the hallmarks of an abusive relationship, there’s one significant difference: Stockholm Syndrome only occurs in situations where a victim doesn’t know their captor. In other words, in order to develop Stockholm Syndrome, a victim must have never met their kidnapper before. Domestic abuse, on the other hand, requires some sort of prior contact. In cases of domestic abuse, the victim and the perpetrator know each other in some way- they’re related, romantically involved, or in some other close relationship. So while abusive relationships and Stockholm Syndrome might share some characteristics, they aren’t the same thing. Is Stockholm Syndrome a Real Diagnosis? Although Stockholm Syndrome has captured public imagination, there is controversy in the medical community about whether it should be classified as its own disorder. Psychologists and psychiatrists use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5, as the holy grail of psychological diagnoses. It’s the standard diagnostic tool for any and all psychiatric illnesses and disorders...and Stockholm Syndrome doesn’t appear in the DSM-5. That’s the case for a few reasons. First, the symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome are very similar to those of trauma bonding or post-traumatic stress disorder, both of which do appear in the DSM-5. Psychiatrists and psychologists, however, aren’t in agreement about which classification Stockholm Syndrome falls under. Because there’s no extensive body of research or consensus to help solve the argument, Stockholm Syndrome is left out of the DSM-5 entirely. Second, Stockholm Syndrome is incredibly hard to study because it’s so rare. (More on that in a second.) That means it’s hard to come up with a widely accepted metric for diagnosing Stockholm Syndrome since each case is so unique. That makes it nearly impossible to develop a diagnostic rubric for Stockholm Syndrome, which is the DSM-5’s primary purpose. Lastly, Stockholm Syndrome is a syndrome, not a mental disorder or a mental illness. That means that it’s a collection of associated symptoms with no root biological or mental cause. While there are ramifications of Stockholm Syndrome that are similar to post-traumatic stress disorder, the onset of Stockholm Syndrome is situational, not pathological. So that brings us back to our first question: is Stockholm Syndrome a real diagnosis? Yes and no. While Stockholm Syndrome is not a recognized psychological diagnosis of a mental illness or disorder in the DSM-5, it is a clinical way to explain the unique symptoms that some kidnap and hostage victims display. Nick Youngson/Alpha Stock Images Are There Famous Examples of Stockholm Syndrome? Despite being a fairly well-known psychological condition, Stockholm Syndrome in real life is remarkably rare. According to the 2007 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 73 percent of all kidnapping victims show no evidence of Stockholm syndrome whatsoever. Of those victims remaining, fewer than five percent will develop Stockholm syndrome at all. (In contrast, abusive domestic relationships- which share many of the characteristics of Stockholm syndrome- are unfortunately much more common.) So why are people so curious about a syndrome that occurs so rarely? Along with being a fascinating psychological topic, Stockholm Syndrome continues to capture the imagination of the public in movies, television shows, and even music. In fact, it’s such a pervasive topic in pop culture that the syndrome even has its own write-up on TVTropes.com! This preoccupation with Stockholm Syndrome means that when the rare case does occur, it triggers a media frenzy. Let’s take a look at two of cases of Stockholm Syndrome that captured the world’s attention. Patty Hearst after her arrest in 1975 Patty Hearst One of the most famous cases of Stockholm Syndrome is the kidnapping of Patty Hearst. In February 1974, 19-year-old Patty Hearst was kidnapped from her apartment in Berkeley, California by a group calling themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army, or SLA. The SLA was a radical activist group that used tactics like bank robbing, murder, and kidnapping to wage war- both ideological and literal- against the U.S. Government, which they viewed as an oppressive â€Å"capitalist state.† The SLA decided to kidnap Patty Hearst because she was the granddaughter of billionaire newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst and the heiress to his fortune. The SLA had three goals in kidnapping Patty Hearst. First, they wanted media attention for their anti-capitalist platform (which they definitely received). Second, they wanted to extort money from Patty’s family to fuel their cause. And last, the SLA planned to brainwash Patty into becoming not only a member of the SLA, but the poster child of their movement. Unfortunately, although the Hearst family would meet most of the SLA’s demands- which included donating $8 million dollars to feed the poor- the SLA didn’t release Patty to her family. Patty wouldn’t be seen for two months, and when she did reappear, it was shocking. In April 1974, the SLA robbed Hibernia Bank in San Francisco...and Patty Hearst was one of the robbers. Security footage showed Patty wielding a machine gun and helping in the robbery, looking quite unlike someone who was being held against her will. After the robbery, the SLA released a pre-taped message from Patty herself. In the recording, Patty called herself â€Å"Tania† and claimed that she was now a voluntary member of the SLA movement. The video sparked widespread public debate. Had Patty been brainwashed by the SLA? Or had she orchestrated the kidnapping plot in order to join the organization and extort money from her family? This debate would end up playing out in court. Patty and other members of the SLA were captured by the FBI in September 1975, eight months after Patty’s kidnapping. She was charged with armed robbery along with a handful of other crimes, and her defense team argued that she had Stockholm Syndrome. But that was a hard case to make: the Kreditbanken robbery had happened just two years earlier, and Stockholm Syndrome was still a new idea in the public consciousness. Ultimately, the jury was unconvinced by the defense, and Patty Hearst was still sentenced to seven years in prison. She would serve two years in prison before her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter. Although there is still quite a bit of controversy surrounding the Patty Hearst case, her situation is now regarded as one of the best examples of Stockholm Syndrome outside of the Kreditbanken hostage situation. Jaycee Dugard in 1991 (Family Photo/CNN) Jaycee Dugard The kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard is another famous case of Stockholm Syndrome that became a media sensation. On June 10, 1991, 11-year-old Jaycee Dugard was abducted while walking home after getting off the school bus. Her mother had moved the family to Meyers, California a year earlier because she thought it was a safer place to raise her children, but now her worst fears had been realized. Once people realized that Jaycee was missing, the community leaped into action. Despite a widespread search effort and tons of media coverage- including a feature on America’s Most Wanted- Jaycee Dugard seemed to have disappeared without a trace. Many thought Jaycee was dead, but her mother held out hope that she was still alive.And she was alive, but she was being held against her will in Antioch, California...just three hours away from her childhood home. Jaycee was held captive until 2009, and even then, she was only rescued because her kidnapper made some critical mistakes. Phillip Greg Garrido, who was on parole for kidnapping and a registered sexual offender, visited the University of California, Berkeley campus looking for a place to hold a special event as part of his â€Å"God’s Desire† program. Garrido believed that angels were communicating with him and had granted him supernatural powers, and he wanted to proselytize on the campus. The UC Berkeley events office and campus police reported him to his parole officer, who asked Garrido to come in for a meeting. He did and brought his wife, Nancy, Jaycee, and Jaycee’s two daughters. (Garrido had repeatedly sexually assaulted Jaycee, who had two children as a consequence.) The police separated Jaycee from Garrido and started questioning her. Jaycee insisted her name was â€Å"Allissa,† and she only admitted her true identity after Garrido confessed to his crimes. By this point, Jaycee had lived with Garrido as â€Å"Allissa† for longer than she had lived with her biological parents. During her questioning at the police station, authorities immediately noticed that Jaycee was displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome. This became even more apparent as more of Jaycee’s story came to light. For instance, as Jaycee got older, Garrido and his wife would take her out into public, including local festivals and fairs. Dugard even helped Garrido run a printing business out of his house. She worked as his graphic designer, answered phone calls and emails, and even met with clients. Despite this, she never made any attempts to escape or reveal her true identity. During an interview with Diane Sawyer for ABC News, Jaycee explained why she never tried to run away and her experience with Stockholm Syndrome. When Sawyer asks Jaycee why she didn’t run, she says, â€Å"in the situation...it wasn’t an option.† She goes on to say that Garrido convinced her that the outside world was dangerous, and that staying with him was the only way to keep herself and her children safe. Sawyer then asks Jaycee if she will ever understand why she didn’t try to leave, and Jaycee responds, â€Å"No. I don’t think so.† Like the Kreditbanken victims, Stockholm Syndrome convinced Jaycee that she was safer staying with her captor than trying to leave. Today, Jaycee uses her experience as a kidnapping victim and trauma survivor to help others who have experienced similar situations. Through her non-profit, the JAYCFoundation, Jaycee works to raise awareness and support for families who have experienced the abduction of a loved one. Now What? If you or someone you know is in a situation like the ones we’ve described above, reach out for help. You can always contact The National Domestic Violence Hotline by phone, text, or web chat for help. Looking for more resources on AP test topics? We’ve got plenty, like a run-down on the different modes of persuasion and a huge list of AP biology study guides! If the term â€Å"AP Test† is no for you, don’t worry! Here’s a primer on AP exams and a breakdown of the average score for each one.

MDCs Approach To Motivating And Coordinating Employees In Xerox Essay - 10

MDCs Approach To Motivating And Coordinating Employees In Xerox - Essay Example This could most clearly demonstrate the role of Clendenin being the authority as the project manager within the organization because they are let go to coordinate activities and build teams according to their own creative standards and communication patterns after the rational career development training. The sources of power in a matrix organization like Xerox are very disparate and changeable, to reflect the external environment of change and dynamism in a competitive industry. Clendenin created many new opportunities for looking at organizations and the relationships that are formed out of a sense of circumstance and happening rather than out of a sense of totalized management planning. The result was a more open and malleable system that accounts for vagaries in the organization and obstacles that may not be as easily accounted for from other, more rationally strict viewpoints. This perspective also often stresses the ability of the face of the organization, like Clendenin, to determine its corporate culture. Clendenin has a strong social network based on a foundation of team-based management. MDC has made various organizational design choices as shown in the case, particularly revolving around its new career development initiatives and new procedures that focus on teamwork as well as effective management. In terms of its status as an organization as shown and depicted in the case, MDC has faced design challenges in various ways. In terms of vertical differentiation, this has been met at the organization through the maintenance of systems within a matrix type design, which still has differentiated areas of control such as those of project manager and sub-project manager, who are able to balance between the multinational sections of the organization and the more domestic management- or budget-oriented sections, which form two distinct organizational cultures.