tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67777129043577826432024-03-12T22:01:46.848-07:00Top college admission essaysGood Research Paper Topic On Teh TempestShelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-59916179632358615642020-08-27T19:34:00.001-07:002020-08-27T19:34:06.754-07:00Working Capital Strategies Essays - Free Essays, Term PapersWorking Capital Strategies Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Working Capital Strategies Balance/419 June 22, 2015 Michele Huss Working Capital Strategies Presentation Working capital is characterized as the contrast between current resources and current liabilities (Working Capital, 2015). Our group has audited significant money related reports, for example, the latest monetary record and incomes explanations, taking applicable information to be investigated for how it will affect money the executives methodologies. So as to have an unmistakable effect and increment benefits there must be development and advancement, decidedly affecting customer enthusiasm for Apples product offering. To do this Apple officials and the board must have an away from of where they are by and by, and what should be practiced to arrive at their objectives. Included is a portrayal of how current resources and liabilities influence income the board, this data is significant on the grounds that it permits the executives to settle on vital choices to build income and piece of the overall industry. Our group has had the chance to make capital suggestions dependent on the pr esumption that Apples anticipated income will increment by 20% to the executives that incorporates point by point expert forma reports. The last region our group will concentrate on is the manner by which the expanded income will impact Apples working capital arrangement, recognizing exercises we have learned and featuring zones that can be grown further. This gives individuals from senior administration an away from of where this business Apple is and what it will take to accomplish their future money related objectives. Expanded Forecasted Revenues: MEGAN Any organization's income can increment or to diminish every year. We should watch Apple's present salary articulation; in agreement to Google Finance (2015), Apple's latest pay proclamation of March third, 2015 had the organization's all out income at $58 million. Accepting we guage effectively, Apple's income increments 20% in 2016, suppose generally $69 million. The organization would have not exclusively to perform well throughout the year yet in addition needed to of built up another bit of innovation that the open adored. Over the recent years, Apple has figured out how to advance and present a few items into the commercial center that customers energetically anticipate. In the event that an organization's income builds it is destined to expand their gross benefit also, and Apple seems, by all accounts, to be utilizing their working capital assets viably. The data's given however budget summaries; for instance, accounting report, pay explanation, and income articulation) that d etermine if that organization is gainful. What's more, regardless of whether there is adequate capacity to meet the working capital likewise needs to the drawn out obligation. Current Assets and Liabilities Affect Cash Management: MEGAN The data one can get from budget summaries gave by pattern investigation, proportion examination and the commentaries to the fiscal reports offer significant data about the administration of an organization and its likely accomplishment after some time. The main way anybody can figure out how fruitful and productive an organization is included cautious and succinct investigation of an organization's budget summaries. How are Apple's advantages and liabilities influencing their income? A more critical glance at the numbers exhibits $231,839,000 in complete resources and $120,292,000 in all out liabilities (Yahoo Finance, 2015). In this way, increments in records of sales, stock and prepaid costs harms the income, diminishes in these territories help the income. Increments in transient working liabilities help income where a decline would upset the income. Apple doesn't appear to be in any pain now, and that is a direct result of their inventive items. Poor income makes about difficult to recruit and hold fair workers; again Apple doesn't miss the mark here either. Finally, the organization's records receivable turnover and stock (some portion of organization resources) additionally to the real income investigation, decide how productive incomes convert into incomes. This guides in the assurance with regards to the organization's wellbeing and dependability. Capital Recommendation: MEGAN Any organization, productive or not ought to have a working capital suggestion. Figuring a master forma is fundamental to the capital proposal. As indicated by Way (2007) an organization's genius forma is the estimated fiscal summaries that depend on either foreseen future occasions or conceivably changing business execution in up and coming periods. After exploration, I have developed the accompanying star forma diagram utilizing the fiscal reports situated in the Google Finance and Yahoo Finance references. Reference Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-17545842410851865282020-08-22T12:59:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:59:11.547-07:00Code of Ethics and Safety in EngineeringCode of Ethics and Safety in Engineering Unique With a sheltered item, we have no concerns of utilizing it in light of the fact that there is no hazard that going to happen. Be that as it may, we should realize that nothing in this world is great. Any mishap can happen to any of us out there. Designer consistently include themselves with plan and making of new things which interest for a decent quality and more secure item. Safe Design must consent to the pertinent law, requires information and capacity, must endeavor to anticipate potential abuses of the item, must fulfill guideline of acknowledged building practice and should confirm each last plan. After the procedure that being trailed by the designer themselves, so it is dependent upon the client to utilize it in the correct manner. This task is required to offer attention to the building ethic course understudy on the term hazard, security and mishap in reality. Presentation What would we be able to state about Engineering Code of Ethics in this theme? To be straightforward, it is identified with the specialists to deliver items that are ok for the general public. It is additionally significant that they are the primary job in forestalling mishaps of their development. We should realize that nothing can be 100% sheltered and great, yet at the same time builds are required to make items as protected as sensibly possible.[1] Right off the bat, we should realize that security is about opportunity from the event or danger of injury, threat or misfortune. Along these lines, engineers need to follow the procedure or structuring his item so as to make it sheltered as could be expected under the circumstances. Safe structure is a procedure of danger distinguishing proof predominantly at the structure stage or controlling danger as ahead of schedule as conceivable to wellbeing and security in the arranging and plan of items, frameworks or procedure. Through hazard appraisal, plan alternative will be created to dispense with Occupational Health Safety (OHS) dangers or to limit OHS dangers of injury to the individuals who make the item and to the individuals who utilized it.[3] In light of cultural requests for more secure items and working environments, governments, organizations, architects and other people who are associated with development are necessitating that wellbeing be a major standard in plan. Configuration is a key building action. Architect consistently include in plan, advancement and formation of new or improved items, procedure, frameworks and administrations. Consequently, quality and wellbeing in configuration ought to be central in designing concerns, not exclusively to guarantee that the code of building ethic is to be rehearsed yet additionally to keep up a decent notoriety in building calling for better sense to create items, forms and systems.[3] Safe plan assumes a major job in structure objective, including practicability, cost and the usefulness of the planned item. Safe plan is the procedure of effectively accomplishing an equalization of these targets. To guarantee an absolute security in a structure, safe plan needs a comprehension of the each phase in the life of a planned item, beginning with the underlying origination to the end life of the item. Poor plan can bring about low profitability, higher support, higher business and laborers remuneration costs and decreased resource life. These monetary expenses are notwithstanding human expenses of injury, sickness, malady and disability.[3] As we as a whole realize that mishaps can generally happen in whenever. It is generally occurred on the client itself in spite of the fact that the item that being utilized is as of now being plan in term of wellbeing and the utilization as well. It is case to case premise circumstance. It relies upon whom to be fault. It might appear that engineers at some point bear no obligation regarding any mishap that occurred. In any case, engineer must comprehend that the framework or items that he is chipping away at and to endeavor to be innovative in deciding how things can be intended to turn away the same number of mix-ups by individuals utilizing the innovation as possible.[1] As we plan something, we should likewise think about the manual and strategy for the utilization of the gadget or innovation of the structure. It is for the client itself. Specialists need to adhere to the plan rules and in actuality they need to pay the hazard by structuring something so any mishap can be turned away. By producing the proprietors manual, perhaps the client can utilize the gadget or the innovation in the correct manner and it additionally can decrease the odds of getting any mishap that can prompt passing or injury. So builds are destined to help the individuals on the planet by developing the development innovation and planning it with the possibility of wellbeing as well. SAFE DESIGN CRITERIAS 1) Safe Design must agree to the relevant law All the plan must satisfy their details and guidelines to guarantee a decent and safe structure. Government wellbeing laws are diverse for every division or ventures. For instance, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has a significant part to play for embracing enactment for ships. IMOs wellbeing enactment manages the boat and traveler while The SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) do worry with traveler security and with lifesaving gear on traveler ships. While for electrical field, The National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) is a lot of rules to shield individuals during the establishment, activity, and support of electric electrical cables. The NESC contains the essential arrangements thought about important for the wellbeing of representatives and people in general. Despite the fact that it isn't planned as a structure detail, its arrangements set up least plan prerequisites. PPL Electric Utilities Corp. (PPL) has created plan particulars and wellbeing rules which meet or outperfor m all prerequisites determined by the NESC.[3] 2) Safe Design requires information and ability For this situation, engineers need to have and have the option to exhibit required information about the plan that the individual in question is going to fabricate. They should know about the work environment dangers and any unsafe impact since a portion of the plan or venture includes the counteraction that may can possibly discharge dangerous material or vitality. Such occurrences will influence the earth, for example, harmful impacts, fire or blast and will head to different outcomes, for example, genuine wounds, property harm and misfortune creation. These are the premise prospects that specialists must concern and execute approaches to maintain a strategic distance from any risk causes.[4] 3) Safe Design must endeavor to predict potential abuses of the item Architects are expertly answerable for guaranteeing that their items or framework are protected enough before they are built up. They are lawfully bounceed through law and guidelines to guarantee that their structures are sheltered from idea through removal. To guarantee a protected plan, engineers must anticipate the potential outcomes about the abuses of the items and actualize approaches to limit the alerts of item abuses by the clients. By embracing a protected structure approach, it is conceivable to configuration out wellbeing and security dangers to make a plan choices that meet the two customers need and our commitments as an engineer.[2] 4) Safe Design must satisfy guideline of acknowledged building practice. Acknowledged building practice is a security gives that include essential thoughts regarding how we see the world and what we accept is significant and right. A planner has a duty to guarantee that their originations don't put the others on hazard. They cant simply make the structure by essentially overlook inconsequential hazard even it devours loads of cost. For instance, it may be less significant for a little house to introduce lightning assurance however it is an absolute necessity for such an enormous production lines or tower to do as such and to fulfill the guideline of specification.[3] 5) Safe Design must check each last structure For good specialists, they should consistently discover choices about how to improve their present items to improve security impact other than actualizing better approaches for plan. Nonetheless, in the wake of planning, the items and completed gadgets must be tried thoroughly to see whether the items are protected and meet the details required. For new alumni engineers, they would be required to work under the management and direction of increasingly experienced specialists, while they gain encounters. This is significant as new architect will endeavor to commit more errors as they have absence of experiences.[2] Structuring FOR SAFETY Security is commonly deciphered as suggesting a genuine and huge effect on danger of death, injury or harm to property. In light of apparent dangers numerous mediations might be proposed with building reactions and guideline being two of the most widely recognized. Best to be as careful as possible by Bruce Erion, President of the National Broadcast Pilots Assn, a straightforward however urgent for creators to hold up under with. One adaptation of the procedure for wellbeing configuration, taken from the finding of Wilcox will be altogether expounded. A portion of the means are including characterizing the issue and produce just as dissecting a few arrangements before executing the plan Thought of security ought to be a vital piece of the plan procedure at the different stages. Creators ought to survey the structure as it advances and if any huge peril is distinguished the plan ought to be adjusted to dispense with the danger where sensibly practicable, or in any case to decrease the hazard where sensibly practicable [4]. As the structure advances from idea to detail, thought of wellbeing issues moves from general perspectives to explicit viewpoints. The most significant commitment that a planner can likely make is at the idea and early structure advancement phases of a task when venture wide and framework dangers are being thought of. Another significant thing that an architect needs to consider is to limit the innate risk in the process as could as could be expected under the circumstances. It is acceptable on the off chance that we can barred any potential risk in our plan rather that to adapt to or in any case kept away from Hence, risky substances or responses are supplanted by less perilous ones, and this is liked to utilizing the hazardous substances in an embodied process[3]. Trevor Kletz said that to wipe out the risk totally or diminish its size adequately to dispense with the need fo Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-7446308653398328502020-08-21T10:41:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:41:12.439-07:00Essay Topics For ESL Argumentative EssaysEssay Topics For ESL Argumentative EssaysYou could be wondering what essay topics are best for ESL argumentative essays. The key to having a successful argumentative essay is in how you structure your argument and how you incorporate a lot of different points. Some topics that could be useful to you are religion, culture, politics, economy, environment, education, science, and even the unknown. What you decide is entirely up to you but remember that whatever topic you choose, be it a current event or a historical event, if it is thought provoking and worth reading from beginning to end, you will be successful in your essay.Because an ESL argumentative essay is a way for you to express your ideas in an understandable way, you will want to be sure that you can effectively communicate your ideas without sounding like you are rambling. So many ESL students make the mistake of just going into a long explanation about what they mean by a subject because if you do that, it will definitely l eave a bad impression on your reader.For example, a business person would not want to read an article where someone is speaking about a particular product that makes their business run smoothly, unless it had a very well put together and logical flow. This article could have been written about anything and everything, but if it was not organized and structured well it would end up sounding a lot like he is rambling. When this happens, it really is difficult to keep the reader's attention.If you were to write a business article in English, the more you could include in the articles, the better chance you have of actually having it written in a manner that would make it a good candidate for publishing. Whether you are talking about business models or processes, you need to make sure that you can include all the right information, be it in a shorter length or in a smaller number of words.It will help if you plan out what you want to say about certain things before you begin writingso t hat when you get to the point, you can outline it. Be sure that you know how much information you want to include.Also, another important aspect of your essay is your use of style. In order to look professional, you should strive to be as neutral as possible and keep in mind that although you may use certain slang terms, such as 'Oriental', it will not be considered rude by the majority of people that are familiar with it.Language, therefore, should be good, easy to understand and, if at all possible, as close to native English as possible. It should be able to demonstrate that you truly know English, not only speak it but have it spoken or understand it in any way whatsoever.Knowing how to use language well and presenting yourself in a clear manner will show off your ability to argue and make different arguments. However, you should remember that using that skill well can take time, and so the process may take longer if you do not practice, so it is best to try and use some materia l at the same time as practicing your grammar and writing. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-88789691533691688992020-05-26T03:36:00.001-07:002020-05-26T03:36:04.416-07:00Reflection On Drug Abuse - 1824 Words LOOK BACK In clinical placement, I was faced with a client who was identified as an individual with a history of drug abuse. This reflection is about my experience dealing with this individual, his attitude and the situation that presented itself in regard to his prescribed opioid analgesics, as well as providing care for him. ELABORATE On arrival to the room, only one of my patient was present, I went ahead and introduced myself and found my assigned staff nurse to notify her that I was unable to find my other client, despite my search. Staff nurse stated that the client may be around as he sometimes leaves the floor to get some fresh air and returns. About an hour later, when I was all done with my other patient(named P.B), I went inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This information caused warning bells to go off in my head. I reassured P.B. that I would need to question the nurse about his medication and would return as to what medication he is able to get to aid with his pain. Finding my staff nurse, she informed me that the doctor changed the interval for the opioid because the patient had a history of addiction and the current suspicion of drug abuse activities. As an advocator for his pain management I reviewed the patientââ¬â¢s chart, it was determined that he was only able to receive regular Tylenol as the Percocet was not due for 1.5 hrs. I returned to the room to inform the patient that he was allowed plain Tylenol for now to help relieve his pain. He then stated, ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t like Tylenol, I donââ¬â¢t want that.â⬠I was taken aback by the comment because in my mind I was thinking that Tylenol may help him by taking off some edge to the pain till his opioid could be given, but client refused and decided to wait for the 1.5 hrs for the Percocet. He also refused any care to be performed, and wanted to be left alone. As the shift went on, I periodically checked in my patient to make sure that the was ok, and every time I entered his room patient P.B. would ask me the time, and his desire for Percocet. I assessed patient for any signs of pain, and it should be noted that client had no objective signs of pain such as increased respirations, guarding, grimacing. HeShow MoreRelatedAn Effective Substance Abuse Counselor1268 Words à |à 6 PagesTo become an effective substance abuse counselor, there are six key points which include: knowing the principles of MI, being able to help strengthen a clientââ¬â¢s coping skills, being able to utilize OARS, understanding Thomas Gordonââ¬â¢s Twelve Roadblocks, being knowledgeable about drugs, and having knowledge of assessing and Individualizing Evidence Based Treatment Plans. An effective substance abuse counselor needs to utilize the OARS. The OARS acronym includes: open-ended questions, affirmationsRead MoreShould Drug Abuse Be Rehabilitated Drug Users Do Not Return? A Normal Social Life?993 Words à |à 4 PagesEsquivel Philip Belmont College Composition 2 27 February 2017 Argumentative Rehabilitated Drug Users Do Not Return To A Normal Social Life The National Institute on Drug Abuse, or NIDA, estimates that annually, 23.5 million Americans age 12 years or older need treatment for drug abuse. Getting into a high-quality treatment facility and completing the appropriate programs are critical for individuals who suffer from drug addictions. Only 2.6 million, or 11.2 percent, seek and receive treatment at a specialtyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Legal Drugs Unlikely Foster Nation Of Zombies By Stephan Chapman1005 Words à |à 5 PagesIn his article ââ¬Å"Legal Drugs Unlikely to Foster Nation of Zombies,â⬠Stephan Chapman presents a hypothetical situation where the use of illicit drugs is legalized by the government. This improbable situation of having a legalized system of distributing prohibited drugs would cause much chaos in the society, however, would it make clean living citizens go into a store and pick up some of these drugs? Not likely. The data from a survey by the Drug Policy Foundation reflects that only a few individualsRead MoreSubstance Abuse In America Case Study780 Words à |à 4 PagesSubstance abuse in America has gone to lengths such as reaching the rural Appalachian culture in West Virginia. Despite the Nationwide crisis and epidemic of 23 million individuals using, misusing and abusing substances West Virginia is currently unable to say that they are safe and that they have not been affected by this epidemic (Carpenter, Mcclellan, Rees, 2016). All types of drugs ranging from medication prescribed substances to street drugs have been reported in just about all areas ofRead MoreCommunity and Public Nursing Reflection Paper890 Words à |à 4 PagesCommunity and Public Health Nursing Reflection Lorraine Gambino NUR/405 May 6, 2013 Bonnie Schoettle Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Incorporating preventative recommendations into clinical work can be a complicated and multidimensional obligation. According to Silva, Cashman, Kunte, amp; Candib, ââ¬Å"addressing preventative recommendation alone for patients in a typical day requires in excess of 7.4 hoursâ⬠(2012). Health care providers are also aware that within the communityRead MoreThe Importance Of Group Therapy1241 Words à |à 5 Pagesform, the group therapist must have therapeutic skills that helps them connect with their clients. Carl Rogers theorized that therapist possess certain skills that would help them connect with their clients; i.e., being genuine, active listening, reflection of feelings, immediacy, and appropriate self-disclosure (Capuzzi Gross, 2011). These therapeutic skills are crucial in building the trust and alliances with clients. Group therapist need to be ââ¬Ëfor realââ¬â¢ in their approach to group. If the therapistRead MoreReflection Is The Examination Of Personal Thoughts And Actions Essay1624 Words à |à 7 PagesReflection is the examination of personal thoughts and actions. For practitioners especially nurses, it means focusing on how they interact with their peers and with the environment to obtain a clearer picture of their own behavior. Kanuka (2002) writes that reflection is an essential component of understanding complex problems, issues, and concepts. Albeit meanings, patterns, and purpose become clear. Elder, Evans and Nizette (2009) say that allowing self-reflection to guide our nursing practiceRead MoreA Research Methodology For Public Affairs833 Words à |à 4 PagesAffairs Dr. Kapucu I selected the article ââ¬Å"When Four Months Equal A Year: Inconsistencies in Student Reports of Drug Use,â⬠for my reflection essay topic this week, due to my prior experience working at a Behavioral Health Agency, that had numerous substance abuse programs including prevention and treatment for adolescents. The study based on an immense national sample of high school studentââ¬â¢s drug usage, concluded that there were inconsistencies in reported use between monthly and annual data, howeverRead MoreTitle Of The Lesson: Dangers Of Prescription Drugs Grade1271 Words à |à 6 PagesTitle of the lesson: Dangers of Prescription Drugs Grade Level: 6th Grade # Of students: 20 Students Teacher Focus: I will be working on using proximity in my lesson by paying attention to when students are off task and need to be redirected by walking around them to redirect their attention to the lesson. Purpose/Curriculum Focus: â⬠¢ The class has been working on a substance abuse unit. Today we are focusing on the dangers of prescription drug abuse while incorporating it into our language unitRead MoreThe Ethics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse1579 Words à |à 6 PagesEthics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse For any professional working in the substance abuse treatment field, they will very likely come across situations and be presented with dilemmas relating to personal beliefs, judgments, and values. Drug or substance use and abuse have been a controversial and heated topic around the world for centuries. Drug abuse, in a way, is a facet of human culture that has been present for a great deal of human history in general. Every culture handles the issue of drug abuse Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-31137461668147282852020-05-15T10:12:00.001-07:002020-05-15T10:12:02.451-07:00Modeling DNA - Structure, Function and Replication Constructing DNA models is a great way to learn about DNA structure, function, and replication. DNA models are representations of the structure of DNA. These representations can be physical models created from almost any type of material or they can be computer generated models. DNA Models: Background Information DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is housed within the nucleus of our cells and contains the genetic information for the reproduction of life. The structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in the 1950s. DNA is a type of macromolecule known as a nucleic acid. It is shaped like a twisted double helix and is composed of long strands of alternating sugars and phosphate groups, as well as nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine). DNA controls cellular activity by coding for the production of enzymes and proteins. The information in DNA is not directly converted into proteins, but must first be copied into RNA in a process called transcription.ââ¬â¹ DNA Model Ideas DNA models can be constructed from almost anything including candy, paper, and even jewelry. An important thing to remember when constructing your model is to identify the components you will use to represent the nucleotide bases, sugar molecule, and phosphate molecule. When connecting the nucleotide base pairs be sure to connect the ones that pair naturally in DNA. For example, adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Here are some excellent activities for constructing DNA models: How to Make a DNA Model Using CandyCardboard DNA ModelsDNA Jewelry ModelKNEX DNA Models DNA Models: Science Projects For those interested in using DNA models for science fair projects, remember that simply constructing a model is not an experiment. Models may be used, however, to enhance your project. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-76977179525197807652020-05-06T16:28:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:28:22.036-07:00Uninsured And Underinsured On America Why Is It A Social... Uninsured and Underinsured In America-Why Is It a Social Problem? According to data presented by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the US health care cost exceeded $ 8,000 per capita, in 2010, comparing to the next most expensive system (Norway) $5,000 per capita (OECD Health Data, 2012). Despite being the most expensive system in the word, US healthcare system has failed on many areas of performance and quality. According to OECD data, US has much lower life expectancy than other industrialized countries, also the infant mortality rate is higher than those countries. Moreover, the US is the only industrialized country that does not provide its citizens a protection of a universal health care coverage. Before the enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the statistics reported that over 50 million people in the US had no health insurance. In 2010, the long awaited healthcare reform was passed and many efforts were made to reduce the percentage of uninsured. The enrollment in the Medicare services was extended, millions of low-income individuals were eligible to be enrolled in Medicaid coverage, lifetime dollar limits were eliminated, insurance were no longer able to refuse coverage due to existing conditions. Since 2010, multiple provisions were enacted to improve quality and increase access to healthcare. One of the biggest changes that came into effect in 2014, was the ââ¬Å"individual mandateâ⬠, a provision that requires all legal citizens toShow MoreRelated Evaluation - Does Health Care Measure Up? Essay795 Words à |à 4 PagesCongress because he did not want to risk his other New Deal proposals. But other presidents, including Harry Truman in 1949 and Richard Nixo n in 1971, have tried to introduce some type of health care reform, enjoying varying measures of success. Why do we still need reform? Currently, the United States is the only industrialized nation that does not have some type of national health care policy. According to a 2003 L.A. Times poll, 70% [of the respondents] consider the current [health care]Read MoreUniversal Health Care : Universal Healthcare1740 Words à |à 7 Pagesservices as the cross-cutting framework for all health and health-related services operating across the spectrum from primary prevention to long term care and end-stage conditions. Although this perspective is both logical and well-grounded in the social ecological model, the reality is different in most settings, and there is room for improvement everywhere. Health care reform is a general rubric used for discussing major health policy creation or changes for the most part, governmental policy thatRead MoreHealth Care Systems Compare and Contrast793 Words à |à 4 PagesAs a country we are facing currently facing a problem based on health care. Every country has their own way of doing things, but which way makes the most sense? Statistics show that Canadaââ¬â¢s health care system is working for them, but will it work for the United States? Ezekial J. Emanuel, Holly Dressel, and together, Karen Davis, Cathy Shoen, Katharine Shea, and Kristine Haran, all address possible solutions to this problem. While Emanuel feels that Americaââ¬â¢s system is sufficient, Dressel, DavisRead More The Forgotten: Uninsured Children 2037 Words à |à 9 Pagesgoing to describe is uninsured children with a disability. Typically, children obtain health insurance coverage through their parents. If parents lack health insurance, so will their children. This paper will discuss the social problem of the inability of children with a disability to obtain health insurance. The primary social welfare issue to be addressed is the absence of affordable, comprehensive health insurance for children from birth to eighteen. When a child is uninsured it often means thatRead MoreAccess Of Health Care And The Hot Spotters Program1630 Words à |à 7 PagesAccess to Health Care and the Hot Spotters Program The United States of America has been known to be one of the most advanced countries in terms of our quality of medicine, medical programs, and medical advances. A person can walk into nearly any emergency room without the fear of being turned away or not getting care. With so many resources and cutting edge technology, itââ¬â¢s hard to believe that this health care system does not function to suit the needs of the populations that are most in needRead MoreComparing Public Vs Private Health Care Systems Essay1563 Words à |à 7 Pages Often this debate occurs in terms that compare public versus private health care systems. After showing how the public option is associated with welfare state liberalism and the private option with neo-conservatism, which option do you prefer and why?ââ¬â¢, and I argue that a public health care system reflects a stronger more stable country. In regards to health care, there can be two ideologies that can be linked to each other. First, welfare state can be seen as public health care because the governmentRead MoreThe Impact Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On Public Health Services2883 Words à |à 12 Pages The Impact of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Public Health Services HSAD 500 Brian M. Mwesigwa Eastern Washington University ââ¬â Master of Public Health Abstract Attempts for nearly a century in America have failed to establish the principle that every American is entitled to affordable and effective health insurance coverage regardless of their income or health status. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 has made this legislationRead MoreCrossing the Border, Reaching the Light1139 Words à |à 5 Pages5 million immigrants, 58 percent came from Mexico, 23 percent from other Latin America countries, 11 percent from Asia, and 8 percent from Africa, Europe, Canada and elsewhere. How do they get in the U.S.? Why do they want to be here? How do they get jobs in the U.S.? Should all of these people be deported back to their native countries? Are illegal immigrants good or bad for the economy? There are several reasons why people want to immigrate to the U.S. People immigrate to other countries forRead MorePublic Health Policy Paper1548 Words à |à 7 Pagesnot only assist with issues of health care access, but also create greater accountability for practicing clinicians that should result in improved outcomes. Background Access issues such as the lack of health insurance and being underinsured, can be exacerbated by the current shortage of health professionals that exists in many disadvantaged areas. Some physicians and other medical providers may have the unwillingness to treat persons with public insurance coverage because the reimbursementRead MoreAnotated Bibliography for Health Care1932 Words à |à 8 Pagesand Rushika Fernandopulle. Uninsured in America: Life Death of the Land of of Opportunity. Berkley: University of California Press, 2005. Print. Sered and Fernandopulle argue why America current health system is in such horrible condition. Based on interviews with 120 uninsured men and women, medical providers, policy makers, and advocates in America, they discuss the consequences of being uninsured. There are more than forty million people uninsured in America and they detail what it means Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-70140761826271174922020-05-05T19:23:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:23:14.074-07:0020th Century Drama An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students 20th Century Drama An Inspector Calls Essay An Inspector Calls was written in 1944-45 but set in 1912 before the world war. In 1944-45 Priestly sent the script of An Inspector Calls to Moscow as unfortunately there were no London Theatres available, so due to this the script was established in 2 theatres in 1945, which it came back to London to be produced. The audience were in the 1945 mood whilst watching the play that was set in 1912. So the audience are re-visiting what was soon to come -2 years later the 1st world war and the sinking of the unsinkable ship Titanic on her maiden voyage. A version of another detective thriller, as what it seemed at the beginning of the play. The opening scene involves the audience being invited in to the play in a very cosily style to a warm scene of a diner party where all the characters of the Birling family are introduced including Gerald Croft. A mysterious inspector intrudes on the cosy scene As one by one each member of the Birling family is questioned there is a chain of events that sequences and links the whole investigation to a suicide murder. However this is not what it is only about, but there is another story portrayed that leads into confusion about the real identity of the inspector. Was he a Ghost, was he the voice of conscious or was he? Who knows! There are a variety of entrances and exits that take place in the play. A build of anxiety, fear, nervousness and suspense is the entire thrill in the entrances and exits of An Inspector Calls. The importance of entrances and exits in the play is to keep the audience enthusiastic and keen to watch the involving exits and entrances. There are various characters in the play and each has a very significant role to play in the story which also connects to a mysterious murder. The tree most important characters from my point of view are: Gerald, Eric and of course the Inspector; The Inspector has an attitude that is tough. He is a hard- headed man. He is precise and influential and creates an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness just at a glance of look. He is an inspector that obeys his work and duty and likes to do it firmly otherwise there is a muddle. He intrudes the cosy scene and that lets the play move on with a subject of his own. Inspector Goole is strong and has sturdy physique that is then described throughout the play in a very peculiar and suspicious manner. A typical man in his 20s evoked by Eric Birling. Half shy half assertive with drinking problems, late nights and women; just are few of his problems that cost a big price during the play. Eric however, unlike his parents, realises the consequences of his actions. Eric is shown playing a big part in one of the most dramatic entrance of the play that characterises his role expressively that then makes him an important character of the play. Another very vital personality illustrated in An Inspector Calls, Gerald who is seductive and personable man in his 30s, rather too manly to be a dandy. Gerald is a helpful and a quiet down-to-town gentleman. Despite Geralds involvement of a big role in Evas life, Gerald is not all that disturbed by the incident which demonstrates his character played in An Inspector Calls. Some of the major entrances that take place in the play suggest the tension that rises gradually towards the very anxious entrance that takes place nearer to the end of the novel. However the entrance that is performed as the first access to the story plays a crucial part in the development of An Inspector Calls. Inspector Goole is the first uninvited character to enter in the engagement party and to ruin the pleasant scene. The Inspectors entrance is a very tragic entrance that takes place in the beginning of the play. It happens when an engagement ceremony has undergone and is interrupted by the Inspector. Mr Birling however is not disturbed by the presence of the Inspector as he is expecting a warrant warning instead there is a different story portrayed. The Inspector obstructs the uneasy conversation between Gerald and Eric also involving Mr Birling that then leads to a confused and a frantic Birling family. The Inspector who at first glance creates an impression of massiveness gives an bitter look as a sigh of giving discomfort before he approaches the person who is being investigated. At first the Inspector is spoken with short phrases to suggest an Inspector of solidity and then the reason of his appearance is conveyed with a lengthily speech and is heard with an aggressive manner that immediately relates to the tough inspector. Essay On The Cherry Orchard About SocietyGerald departs from the play for a walk about, however before he leaves Sheila gives him the engagement ring that was given to her by Gerald himself only a few minutes ago although Sheila now respects him more than she has ever done. By Geralds exit there is a different mood given to the play. The atmosphere of the stage is rather a quiet and sad one as the reason of the ceremony has been abolished. The mood is shown changing as the stage directions convey the looks and sounds in a guarded way as Gerald exits and the Birlings watch him go in silence. The timing of the action has been performed after Gerald has been inquired and before Mrs. Birling and Eric were being questioned of a possible suspect to the chain of events leading to the suicide of Eva Smith. Birling is shown consolidating Gerald by interrupting Sheila and talking about lots of young men doing these kinds of things these days. Geralds exit symbolises that they maybe lots of secrets concealed inside every one of us. The last and most relieving exit for the Birling Family is the final dramatic exit of the play. This is performed by the Inspector in the middle of Act 3. The exit is portrayed in a dubious and peculiar manner that suggests a tense frame of mind. The Inspector summarises the effects of the suicide murder with a long departing paragraph and ends it with the consequences of the incident as he teaches them a lesson in blood and anguish. The Inspectors speech, gestures, stage directions, facial expressions and most of all the self-assured confidence in his speech intertwines together to build a tower of tension and relief. For the Birling Family it was a huge sigh of relief, in comparison to the audience, which related to them as a theatrical departure. The atmosphere of the play has a sudden change from an anxious investigation to a slightly casual mood. Earlier on, before the tense exit of the Inspector, Birling is trying a different method , a method of bribe which the Inspector thinks he is offering money at the wrong time, however Birling can give thousands-yes thousands. The stage directions evoke a confident exit that actually has some effect on both the audience and the characters. The play is then continued with feed back from the family members and also another entrance that changes the whole phase of the play. As for the exits, they make the audience feel sympathetic towards the character illustrating the exits. As Gerald takes his leave the audience are willing not for him to leave as for the Inspectors exit it wraps up the whole play and makes the play run on his intentions so when the main character exits from the play, there is a slight tension in the audience. The stage directions are interpreted as a confident exit which leads to a successful play involving exits that have a turning effect on the audience. So overall, the play can be classified as a success. One reason for this is the involvement of exits and entrances that create shock, jolt and maybe a form of relaxation. In my opinion I thought that the most dramatic exit or entrance is the entrance performed by Eric right at the end of Act 2. This is very significant entrance that is performed in a nail biting situation and that can put the audience in great enthusiasm. At the beginning of the play An Inspector calls is introduced to a tranquil opening scene. In comparison, the closing scene is totally opposite to the opening scene as the closing scene shows the characters in a muddled and in a fearful mood and the atmosphere is uneasy. A point to be noted is that in the opening scene of the play the whole characters of the play (minus Edna and Inspector) are present for the ceremony and after so many dramatic exits and shocking entrances the same characters are shown in the closing scene but with a different mood, a mood of distress and mayhem as the chain of events has finally come to an end. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-42507928085194268982020-04-13T08:01:00.001-07:002020-04-13T08:01:02.594-07:00Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital Essay ExampleJohnson v. Misercordia Hospital Paper In 1980, patient (plaintiff) James Johnson filed suit against Misericordia Community Hospital alleging medical malpractice. The suit specifically alleged corporate negligence in the appointment of Dr. Lester V. Salinksy (independent member) to the medical staff at Misericordia Community Hospital. During the surgery, Dr. Salinsky severed the femoral artery, resulting in partial paralysis for Johnson (casebriefs. com). Ultimately, Johnson suffered a permanent paralytic condition to his right thigh muscles with resultant atrophy and weakness as well as a loss of function after undergoing hip surgery performed by Dr. Salinsky (Showalter, 2012). Salinsky settled litigation with the plaintiff Johnson before trial, but Misericordia disputed the allegation that the hospital was negligent in the hiring of Salinsky. The issue of significance revealed during the trial of Johnson v. Misericordia Community Hospital is that Salinskyââ¬â¢s qualifications, medical standing and references listed on the application of employment were never verified by Misericordia. During the trial it was revealed that; Dr. Salinsky presented an application for employment with information that included significant misstatements and exclusions that should have been a cause for a denial of appointment to Misericordiaââ¬â¢s medical staff. For example, Salinsky failed to answer questions related to his malpractice liability insurance and also failed to mention that his privileges had been suspended, diminished, revoked or not renewed at any hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson v. Misercordia Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instead, not only were Salinskyââ¬â¢s requested orthopedic privileges and appointment to the hospitalââ¬â¢s medical staff approved; Salinsky was also elevated to the position of Chief of Medical staff shortly after joining the medical staff. Misericordiaââ¬â¢s medical staff coordinator, Jane Bekos stated that an examination of Misericordiaââ¬â¢s records reflected that at no time was an investigation made by anyone representing Misericordia, of any of the statements recited in Salinskyââ¬â¢s application or employment (Showalter, 2012). This was an oversight on behalf of Misercordia despite the fact that the Salinskyââ¬â¢s application for employment authorized Misericordia to contact his malpractice carriers, past and present, and all the hospitals that he had previously been associated with, for the purpose of obtaining any information bearing on his professional competence, as well as his moral, and ethical qualifications for staff membership State the relevant laws that the case uses. The Doctrine of Corporate Negligence holds health-care facilities, such as hospitals, nursing homes and medical clinics, accountable for the well-being of patients. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence the hospital owes certain ââ¬Å"dutiesâ⬠directly to the patient, which cannot be delegated to the medical staff. Under the Doctrine of Corporate Negligence Misericordia Community Hospital, owes a duty to its patients to refrain from any act which will cause foreseeable harm to others even though the nature of that harm and identity of the harmed person or harmed interest are unknown at the time of the act (westlaw citation). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Thompson v. Nason Hospital classified the hospitalââ¬â¢s duties into four categories. 1) a duty to use reasonable care in the maintenance of safe and adequate facilities and equipment; 2) a duty to select and retain only competent physicians; 3) a duty to oversee all persons who practice medicine within its walls as to patient care; and 4) a duty to formulate, adopt and enforce adequate rules and policies to ensure quality care for the patients. The hospital also failed to adhere to its own bylaw provisions and to the Wisconsin statues related to medical credentialing. The respondeat superior doctrine holds an entity liable for the negligent acts of an employee arising from the course of his or her employment. At the onset of Salinskyââ¬â¢s employment he was an independent contractor. Hence, Johnson is not claiming Misercoridia vicariously liable for the negligence of Salinsky under respondeant superior. Salinsky would have had to be an employee of Misercordia for the respondeant superior doctrine to hold up throughout a court trial. Globally the Corporate Negligence Doctrine means that hospitals are no longer immune from tort liability when a case of negligence is brought to court. The hospital duty is owed directly to the patient. Hospitals who wish to avoid liability in cases such as Johnson v. Misercordia Community Hospital should ensure that the organization has an established and functioning credentialing system. Each application for employment should be verified including the applicantââ¬â¢s prior hospital affiliations and malpractice carriers. There should also be an established procedure utilized to approve medical privileges to the hospital and elevation to other positions in the hospital. The appointment and approval of medical privileges should also be approved by the governing board or executive committee after the credentials of the applicant have been verified. The adoption of corporate liability (negligence) has been linked to the rising number of medical malpractice claims, the ever increasing cost of healthcare (particularly in the United States) and also the issues related to obtaining and maintaining medical malpractice coverage for health care providers and entities. References Personal Injury and Corporate Negligence. (n. d. ). The Law Offices of Stephen R Bough. Retrieved March 15, 2014, from http://www. boughlawfirm. com/articles/personal-injury-corporate-negligence JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. (n. d. ). JOHNSON v. MISERICORDIA COMMUNITY HOSP. | Leagle. com. Retrieved March 14, 2014, from http://www. leagle. com/decision/198180799Wis2d708_1746. xml/JOHNSON%20v. %20MISERICORDIA%20COMMUNITY%20HOSP. ââ¬â¢ Showalter, J. S. (2012). Liability of the Healthcare Institution. The law of healthcare administration (6th ed. , pp. 157-190). Chicago, Ill. : Health Administration Press. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-55031835721976327562020-03-11T09:04:00.001-07:002020-03-11T09:04:03.147-07:00Student societies Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research PapersStudent societies Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Student societies Contents 1. The backgrounds of the student societies (history of student societies) 2. The most widely spread student societies 3. Unique student societies Conclusion Literature Introduction Student as a component of youth is a specific social group that characterizes a special way of life, the conditions of academic work and everyday life. A large majority of students live in or near major cities, many of them live in dormitories, thus creating a unified student's life, forming common interests, student traditions, world outlook, etc., quite certain special qualities and peculiar role in the historical development of social relations. [5] Student society is a voluntary association of students, which independently and under its responsibility solves issues related to the interests of students. [5] Student society is independent social activity of students on the implementation of the functions of management of a higher educational institution, determined by the administration, dean's offices and carried out by young people, allows its energy to be involved in improving the educational process and, at the same time, avoid subjectivity in decision-making. [5] In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", institutions of s tudent societies are created in higher educational institutions, which promote the harmonious development of the student's personality, the formation of his skills for the future organizer, the head. [5] Student societies in a higher educational institution are independent public activity of students on the implementation of the functions of management of higher educational institutions, which is determined by the administration (administration), dean's offices (departments) and carried out by students in accordance with the goals and objectives of the student groups. [3] The subject of the research is American student societies. Consequently the object is the activity of American student socities . The main tasks of the student societies are: ensuring and protecting the rights and interests of students, in particular, with regard to the organization of the educational process; Ensurin g students fulfill their duties Facilitating educational, scientific and c reative activities of students Facilitating the creation of appropriate conditions for students' living and resting; Facilitating t he activities of student clubs, associations, interest clubs organization of cooperation with students of other higher educational establishments and youth organizations facilitating the employment of graduates Participation in solving internation al student exchange issues. [3] This investigation can b used for self - studying, delivering lectures and just for broadening one's outlook. The backgrounds of the student societies(history of student societies) A student society, student association, university society or student organization is a society or an organization, operated by students at a university or a college institution, whose membership typically consists only of students or alumni. Student societies in higher education institutions are mainly focused on: - protection of students' interests at all levels of higher education; - implementation of student initiatives in the educational process, as well as in scientific, professional, cultural and ot her social spheres of activity; - increasing the effectiveness of interaction between students and the university administration; - e nsuring student rights and freedoms in accordance with c ivil norms in force in society; - cooperation wi th state and local authorities; - organization of everyday life, various forms of leisure, travel, employment of students; - creation of a new information space for university students and their connection with world information sources [2, pp. 244-252]. Early notable types of student societies include the medieval so-called nations of the University of Bologna and the University of Paris. Later Modern era examples include the Studentenverbindung in the German speaking world, as well as the evolvement of fraternal orders for students and student fraternities internationally. Aims may involve practice and propagation of a certain professional hobby or to promote professional development or philanthropic causes. Examples of common societies found in most universities are a debate society, an international student society, a rock society, and student chapters of professional societies (e.g. the American Chemical Society). Not all societies are based around such a large area of interest and many universities also find themselves home to societies for many obscure hobbies such as a Neighbours society. Student societies typically have open membership, thus differing from honor societies, secret societies, and certain fraternities that admit Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-29334232099227575042020-02-23T23:31:00.001-08:002020-02-23T23:31:02.825-08:00Chernoble disaster Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsChernoble disaster - Research Paper Example The reason for the event is that the coolant pumps which are stopped to test the backup system have caused the core to reach the temperatures which can meltdown the core. In this way the backup generators failed and thus caused the accident. Cooling systems of the plant failed and it became impossible for the workers to stop the reactors or slow it down (Green Facts, 2006). There are many environmental effects that are the results of the incident of the Chernobyl. The radio active ash from the incident place spread widely in the surrounding of the Chernobyl. The ash from the incident place has three types, one is in the form of clouds or very thin ash which has a comparatively less weight and other is a bit thick ash that contains a large amount of radioactive materials. The thin ash is carried by air and can travel a large distance but it has a little impact on humans and environment. The thick ash can remain for many hundred years. The ash can cause cancer and if a person is too mu ch close to the radiation material, the ash can damages his cells, causing a typical type of cancer or a mutation World Nuclear Association. March, 2011). The persons have got cancers that are far from the place. A genetic mutation is fount in the plants and animals of the area and many people are also affected by the radiation. Extraordinary organ growth is now a common day thing in the region. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-30205426679930767722020-02-07T16:17:00.001-08:002020-02-07T16:17:03.007-08:00Four hours in my lai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsFour hours in my lai - Essay Example This is because the U.S military taking refuge in one of the Vietnamese villages was waiting for an encounter that would allow them to use their trainings and protection mechanism for the war. However, this opportunity did not come easily thus, they decided to try the attack towards Vietnamese groups. My Lai Massacre happened in the morning of March 16, 1968 which was one of the bloodiest and vicious mass killings in history(Michael & Kevin,102). This Massacre was characterized by the killing spree done in the hamlets in South Vietnam by the U.S. military troupes by the use of bombs and blasting that killed not only men and women, but also innocent children and even animals (Bilton & Sim, 1992). The massacre death toll reached approximately 500 plus people. Though the massacre called for attention, the soldiers involved in the massacre, 26 of them to be exact, one of whom is Lt. William Calley has managed to reduce the buzz from the eventful date. However, during the fall of the year 1969, media was able to open the eyes of the world and bring them to the real tragedy and demonstration of abuse of power by the U.S. military in the My Lai massacre that led to the imprisonment of those involved. The Cleveland Plain Dealer spearheaded in breaking the story to the public where an army photographer from Cleveland, Ronald Haeberle has exposed photographs of the massacre and granted a newspaper firm an exclusive interview of himself . This gave the public an unbiased view of what really happened in the My Lai Massacre. The media has played a big role in giving the world a clear view of the Vietnam massacre. Because of media, I strongly believe that the My Lai Massacre freed itself from the preconceived thoughts of the world being a massacre that had to do with the political and economic insurgency in Vietnam at that time against communism and their leaders (Bilton & Sim, 1992). Instead, this war also highlighted on the American military whose unlawful command needed s ome rethinking and how the American militaryââ¬â¢s actions strongly shaped Vietnamese history and culture today. The Massacre was indeed not only a big event in Vietnamese history but is still continuing to remind people of the massacreââ¬â¢s remnants because of its short and long term effects. Some of the short term effects of the war would include the stricter guidelines and qualifications set for military volunteers who wish to serve in leadership troops. This was due to lack of in-depth knowledge on making decisions on critical matters that led to the My Lai massacre. Apart from which, there was also a drop in the number of applicants who would want to train for military service through college attendance or homeland service because the Vietnam war drew a bad light on the hopes of producing well-trained and experienced career soldiers who would be put in the front lines. On the other hand, some of the long-term effects of the My Lai Massacre would be the change in the cult ure of military training. As the massacre pointed out the problems with the old military culture wherein the insistence of compulsory obedience is required and the doctrine of ââ¬Å"command responsibilityâ⬠to the lowest ranks is strictly followed, today, the military command landscape drastically changed (Bilton & Sim, 19 Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-33808783949242619842020-01-29T10:29:00.001-08:002020-01-29T10:29:03.790-08:00Plato Analysis Essay Example for Free Plato Analysis Essay Platos The Republic centers on a simple question: is it better to be just than unjust? In answering this overlying question, Socrates outlines the ideal city and how justice is a virtue of that city. From there, he characterizes justice as a virtue of the soul. It is while he is discussing the soul that Socrates begins to define the different types of souls. Rather than comparing and contrasting each soul, Plato quickly jumps into contrasting the tyrannical soul with the aristocratic soul ? the most unjust with the most just. In Book IX of Platos The Republic, Socrates describes a man in an awful state asserting that the worst of souls is the tyrant. This accurate assertion can be seen through the consideration of not only the tyrants personal characteristics but also the negative ______ he contributes to the city. In Book VIII of Platos Republic, the five types of people are presented in parallel to the fives types of regimes. The most inferior of the five regimes is tyranny. Correspondingly, the tyrannical soul is then the most inferior person. Socrates examines the steady decline from one regime to the next, starting with the fall from aristocracy to timocracy when factions arise between auxiliaries and guardians. This decline comes because of injustice and the spirit of the auxiliaries not abiding by the edicts of reason. Further decline due to an excess of desire and the degradation of spirit ultimately leads to tyranny. This is the most wretched of all the regimes as the tyrant is the most wretched of souls. Book IX of The Republic begins with a story of two young men whose lives take opposite paths. The first is raised in a home more Spartan than Athenian, born to a parsimonious father who honors the money-making desires while despising the ones that arent necessary but exist for the sake of play and showing off (572c). The son rebels against his austere upbringing, and revels in the company of subtler men who delight in the pleasures of the world (572c). However, because the young man has been brought up to abhor such worldliness, in the end he chooses a middle path ? neither illiberal nor hostile to law ? having become what Plato describes as a man of the people (572d). This introduction is important, because Plato uses the young man previously described to contrast the second. The second man is perhaps the son of the first, raised in moderation, to appreciate both the diligence of work and the joy of pleasure. When the same influences, friends, and ideas that changed his father begin to work on him, this young man does not have the inner moral courage to chart his own path. With his father urging moderation and his friends encouraging irresponsibility, the young man is torn between the two. Herein lies the downfall of the man ? the dread enchanters and tyrant-makers who espouse reckless pleasure-seeking realize that they will not win him over with continued persuasion, so they seek to make him a slave to his own desires (573a). Plato calls these desires love, but lust may be a more apt description (573b). Having now become a drone, the young man is imbued with desire to satisfy the temporal passions that bring momentary pleasure (573b). This desire drives him insane. He has madness as his bodyguard, and runs amuck, eliminating those whose own decency contrasts with his own lack thereof, killing them out of shame. The tyrant is characterized as the worst of souls because of his personal attributes that are detrimental and undesirable to any man. Drunken, erotic, and melancholic, he lives solely to satisfy the passions and desires that run rampant in his mind (573c). This man does little good by himself or his fellowmen, and, if given the opportunity, would become the most terrible of rulers. Plato defines this man to be his tyrant and describes him as the most miserable person in society. Socrates and Glaucon characterize the person ruled by lawless attitudes as enslaved, having the least amount of control to what he wants. The tyrant is full of confusion and regret, fearful and poor, with an insatiable appetite (577c-578a). To any human being, it would be least desirable to become a person as described above who is never satisfied. The greatest control an individual can obtain is control over their own thoughts and desires. Without this control, a person is miserable and relies on the outside world to fill his appetite. To illustrate the idea that a tyrant is simply one whose passions are out of control, Plato compares the tyrant to a drunken man. Just as a drunken man has a tyrannical spirit, so a man drunk on his own lustful desires has the same (573c). The tyrannical soul is seen as enslaved because it desires satisfactions that solely depend on external circumstances. As long as these desires continue to consume the tyrant and are never completely satisfied, the tyrant is least able to do what he wants. By virtue of not being able to do what he wants, the tyrant is full of confusion and disorder. This man is in an awful state and lives only in misery. By showing the development of the tyrant from undisciplined childhood to irrational adulthood, Plato shows his reader the warning signs that accompany such a person. He describes the despots of the ancient world for what they were: lustful men whose bodily appetites reign over their personal lives and the societies unfortunate enough to be at their command. Socrates explains that the only thing worse than the tyrannical soul is the tyrannical soul who goes public and becomes the political tyrant (578c). Socrates continues, The man who is mad and deranged undertakes and expects to be able to rule not only over human beings but gods, too (573c). With this phrase, Socrates begins to show why the reader should be wary of the rise of a political tyrant. He describes how a tyrants rule is bad for those he rules over. Having gotten the idea that he should rule over both men and gods, the tyrant uses this power, once obtained, to satisfy his selfish desires. Feasts, revels, parties, courtesans, and everything else of the sort, are hallmarks of his reign (573d). Such living, however, rapidly depletes his income and resources, and he is then forced to obtain resources from others which consequently becomes to the city. The tyrannical man can only give so much to the people of the city. He will therefore enlist them in necessary and just wars to continue his popularity and to account for the poor economy. These just wars serve to perpetuate the continual need for a tyrant. Because the tyrants actions displease those who helped set him up, he must gradually do away with them until he is left without a friend or foe. Socrates contrasts this to the work of a doctor. A doctor is seen as helpful and needed because he takes off the worst of the body and leaves the rest (567c). However, the tyrant does the opposite, taking off the best and leaving the worst. This is a necessity for him to rule; consequently, he hurts the city. The tyrant, slave to his love, or personal passions, becomes a tyrant over others. He begins to find those with means and seeks to deprive them of it, usually by force. He is addicted to his desires, racked with pains and aches when he cannot fill them (Plato, 263). No one is immune to his wild demands. He will victimize his own parents, claiming he deserves to get the better of his father and mother (574a). If they resist, they will meet the same fate as anyone else who opposes the madman. In short, his childhood of moderation has become a career of chaos. The tyrant is a slave to himself and his desires in the city. The moral of Platos argument is clear. Even a small minority of tyrants can cause trouble within a community. Plato suggests that in times of war, tyrants flock to the battlefront, volunteering their services to distant tyrants as mercenaries and bodyguards (Plato, 264). But in times of peace, they remain at home and comprise a class of lawless criminals. Thieves, burglars, cutpurses, pickpockets, temple robbers, kidnappers, all are tyrants waiting for their chance to take power (Plato, 265). Platos warning to society is to teach temperance and philosophy to the rising generation, so that they do not become tyrants and lead their city into ruin. In an age where democracy was a new and rare commodity, the threat of becoming subject to a tyrant in ancient Greece was very real indeed. Philosophers like Plato tried to discover how the tyrants of the age became so, so that they could avoid coming under their power. Having philosophically defined tyrants as evil and unjust in the realm of philosophy, Plato uses logic in Book IX of The Republic to support the assumption that totalitarian societies, like those of Athenss neighbors, suffer under the reign of such leaders. This argument will later lead to his assertion that philosophers are the best leaders a state can have. Bound by ethics and reason, philosopher-kings would ensure that society is properly educated, supremely tolerant, and, most importantly, true to the ideal of justice that Plato holds dear. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-45717221631425093172020-01-21T06:53:00.001-08:002020-01-21T06:53:03.369-08:00Oedipus The King :: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles Oedipusââ¬â¢ Hamartia Aristotle once said that a heroââ¬â¢s downfall must be a result of some tragic flaw within the character. This flaw was known as hamartia in the Greek world of Aristotle. Since Aristotle greatly admired Oedipus the King, many people believe that Oedipus must have had a prominent and complex hamartia. Discovering Oedipusââ¬â¢ hamartia within the play is not an easy task. In fact, it is impossible to point out Oedipusââ¬â¢ hamartia since I do not believe that he has one. Everything that he says or does throughout the play is justifiable in one way or another. There is always some logical explanation behind his thoughts and actions and, thus, Oedipus does not have a tragic flaw in his character. There are a number of different points that one can analyze and claim to be Oedipusââ¬â¢hamartia. For instance, some people may examine Oedipusââ¬â¢ bad temper and label this as the flaw that leads to his downfall. Oedipus becomes enraged at Teiresiasââ¬â¢ claim that he is the one who murdered Laius and he begins to believe that this is an attempt by Creon to overthrow him. Despite Oedipusââ¬â¢ anger in this situation, his reaction can be justified. First of all, Teiresiasââ¬â¢ allegation that Oedipus is the killer is absurd to him since he would never murder a king. Also, it seems logical that Creon would be behind such a scheme since he would be next in line to the throne. Therefore, Oedipusââ¬â¢ bad temper cannot be considered his hamartia. Another characteristic of Oedipus that some people tend to refer to as his hamartia is his murderous temperament. One can see this side of Oedipus when he recounts the story in which he killed the old man in the wagon as well as a few of the manââ¬â¢s servants. However, Oedipusââ¬â¢ murderous rage was completely justified in this situation. After all, the old man and his servants were trying to throw Oedipus off the road by brute force. Oedipus, in a sense, was merely defending himself from these men and killed them only out of self-defense and rage. Hence, Oedipusââ¬â¢ murderous temperament cannot be his tragic flaw. Some people even believe that Oedipusââ¬â¢ hamartia was carelessness. Surely anyone told about killing his father and sleeping with his mother would have avoided killing any man and sleeping with any woman. Oedipus, on the other hand, did kill a man and he did sleep with a woman. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-48404702182356918642020-01-13T03:17:00.001-08:002020-01-13T03:17:03.838-08:00What is meant by unemployment and what are its different types? EssayUnemployment cannot be simply defined as the number of people without jobs. Such a definition would include children who are too young to work, pensioners and housewives and others who choose not to take up paid up employment. Since these groups pose no serious economic problems. Unemployment in a country refers to all those people who are willing to work, but are unable to find a job. Moreover unemployment is a very complex phenomenon. It is rather easy to notice but difficult to define. Broadly, unemployment may mean lack of employment. Thus, anybody who fails to work may be considered as being unoccupied and therefore unemployed for the concerned period. Ordinarily, the term unemployment denotes a condition of joblessness. In the early 1980ââ¬â¢s worldwide unemployment rose to very high levels, higher than during some of the year 1930s although not as high as the peak unemployment rates of that earlier ââ¬ËGreat Depressionââ¬â¢ whereby the overall level of unemployment as well as the structure of unemployment was extremely varied. (References Wikipedia.com) The measurement of unemployment is very important for any economy. Unemployment is one of the most serious economic problems and it is important for the government to know the level and the rate so that it can take appropriate corrective measures. Formula for calculating rate of unemployment: Unemployment Rate = Total number unemployed x 100 Labour Force Labour Force = Number of people employed + Number of people unemployed Unemployment rate in Mauritius The graph above shows the historical trend of unemployment. In year 2004 unemployment rate was high 10.8% then it decreased from 2005. As from 2008 to 2011 we can observe that the unemployment rate was stabilized at around 7%. Which shows good reforms campaign by the government despite the economic crisis which affected Mauritius in 2008. Types of Unemployment: There is a lot of confusion and disagreement regarding the meaning and nature of unemployment. So, to comprehend the problem in a proper way and suggest remedies, we may discuss the various types of unemployment. Unemployment thus may be discussed broadly under several heads: Seasonal unemployment Frictional unemployment Structural unemployment Cyclical unemployment Technological unemployment Disguised unemployment Seasonal Unemployment: According to Beveridge, ââ¬Å"Seasonal unemployment means the unemployment arising in particular industries through seasonal variations in their activity brought about by climatic changes.â⬠Seasonal unemployment occurs due to lack of productive work during certain periods of the year. Certain industries or occupations are seasonal in character.Take the case of ice-cream production, which has a peak demand during the summer. In the winter season, with a fall in the demand for ice-cream, the demand for labour engaged in its production also falls, and seasonal unemployment takes place.A sugar mill may be closed for a number of months in a year, as the supply of sugarcane stops. Seasonal unemployment may also be witnessed in the case of traditional and underdeveloped agriculture. For instance, in India, the cultivators tilling the unirrigated lands very often remain idle for 120 to 150 days in a year. Seasonal unemployment takes place mainly due to the lack of suitable alternative employment opportunities in the slack season. Such unemployment usually does not lead to serious distress, as the wages in seasonal occupations are comparatively higher, which provides for the period of unemployment. Solutions to Seasonal Unemployment Such unemployment can be reduced by encouraging people to take different jobs in the ââ¬Å"off seasonâ⬠. Reduced unemployment benefits and improving the flow of information may also be beneficial. 2. Frictional Unemployment The term frictional unemployment refers to the unemployment that is associated with the normal turnover of labour. People leave jobs for many reasons and they take time to find new jobs; old persons leave the labour force and young person enter it, for example, school leavers but often new workers do not fill the jobs vacated by those who leave. Inevitably all of this movement takes time and give rise to a pool of persons who are frictionally unemployed while in the course of finding new jobs. This unemployment would occur even if the occupational, industrial and regional structure of unemployment were unchanging. When the welfare payments are more attractive than the work itself, some of the unemployed believe that the tax and the benefit system will reduce significantly the net increase in income from taking paid work and choose to be on the welfare instead. Causes of frictional unemployment: The relationship between workers and employers tends to be heterogeneous in some or the other way. This mismatch can lead to frictional unemployment, which makes it closely related to structural unemployment. Fresh graduates looking for a good job, but are not able to get it right away because of certain demands by the employers in terms of skills and experience, therefore resulting in frictional unemployment. Factors related to preference, work environment, skills, remuneration, location, work timings, etc., always rise a sense of dissatisfaction in the workers or employers. This is one of the main causes of frictional unemployment. Solutions to frictional unemployment The government can make the information about the labour market more readily available. Schools can provide more guidance about the jobs in the market and invite professionals to speak about their jobs so as to provide more information to the school leavers. The government can create some part time jobs as a solution to the unemployment. Proper educational advice to college students in terms of the job demands and skills required to get job faster. (Reference tutor2u.com) 3. Structural Unemployment Structural unemployment takes place because of a change or defect in the economic structure of a country. It occurs as a result of changes in demand and supply conditions for certain categories of labour. According to Beveridge, structural unemployment means ââ¬Å"the unemployment arising in particular industries or localities through a change of demand soââ¬â¢ great that it may be regarded as affecting the main economic structure of a country.â⬠There are some distinct similarities between frictional and structural unemployment, as both arise due to maladjustment between the demand for and supply of labour. However, there are certain important differences between the two. Frictional unemployment is of a shorter duration and takes place because of temporary factors. Hence although the demand for labour may decline in certain industries this fall in demand is counterbalanced by a rise in demand in some other industries. In case of structural unemployment, the deficiency in demand for labour is more permanent, extensive and deep rooted. The barriers to mobility are rather more formidable. According to Thomas D. Simpson structural unemployment is more heavily concentrated among certain employment and demographic groups. It affects a significant number of workers in certain occupations, industries, racial, and age groups, whereas frictional unemployment tends to occur more widely. Secondly, structural unemployment is less voluntary than frictional unemployment. Solutions to Structural Unemployment: The government can retrain the workers to meet the demand for a new set of skills. For example, farmers should learn the new techniques of production using automation rather than rely only on the traditional method of farming. Workers should improve their skills and reduce occupational immobility. Policies should provide the unemployed with skills they need in order to be re-deployed. In this era of information technology, workers should have IT knowledge to remain employed. Education and training opportunities should be made available to the workers so that they can get trained and improve their chances of taking on new jobs that are available in the economy. 4 Cyclical/ Keynesians unemployment/ deficient-demand unemployment Cyclical unemployment happens to be the most common type of unemployment in an industrially developed capitalist economy. According to the classical economists, in the long run there would be a full employment equilibrium. But in reality we find that a capitalist economy is characterised by alternate periods of prosperity and depression, rising economic activity and employment and sluggish business conditions and falling employment opportunities. Cyclical unemployment is also popularly known as Keynesian unemployment, following Keynes. Keynes has culled this type of unemployment as involuntary unemployment. Lerner has termed this unemployment during an economic depression as deflationary unemployment. Moreover, cyclical unemployment is when workers lose their jobs during downturns in the business cycle. It generally happens when the economy contracts, as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). If the economy contracts for two quarters or more, then the economy is in a recession. Cyclical unemployment is usually the cause of high unemployment, when rates quickly grow to 8% or even 10% of the labor force. Itââ¬â¢s known as cyclical because, when the economy re-enters the expansion phase of the business cycle, the unemployed will get rehired. Cyclical unemployment is temporary ââ¬â although it could last anywhere from 18 months (the typical time frame of a recession) to ten years (during a depression). (Reference, Wikipedia) Cyclical unemployment through a diagram As we can see in the AD/AS diagram, the fall in AD to AD1 will result in a fall in the Real output (Y1).This will force the firms to reduce their output and hence reduce their workforce from ADL to ADL1. However, due to ââ¬Ëwage stickinessââ¬â¢ it is less likely that real wages will fall (as seen in the labour diagram). Therefore, the wages instead of coming down to W1 will remain at We. This will create a surplus situation where the aggregate demand for labour will be at ââ¬Ëaââ¬â¢ and the aggregate supply of labour will be ââ¬Ëbââ¬â¢. (reference tutor4u.com) 5. Technological Unemployment. Technological unemployment takes place because of rapid technological improvements. Introduction of improved machinery and labour saving know-how has a tendency to displace labour force. Myrdal cites the example of technological unemployment in the American agricultural sector in the fifties, when due to the introduction of labour-saving techniques, the agricultural workers as part of the total civilian labour force declined from 12ââ¬â¢6 to 8ââ¬â¢5 per cent. Introduction of improved technology in production will lower the capital-output ratio and the labour-output ratio. This will increase the productivity of capital and labour, causing technological unemployment. Probably due to this reason, even now introduction of electronic computers has always been viewed with suspicion by the workers. 6. Disguised Unemployment. As the word suggests, disguised unemployment refers to a situation when a person is apparently employed, but in effect unemployed. !t is a phenomenon of concealed unemployment, not visible to the open eyes. Here it is not possible to identify as to who are unemployed, as all ââ¬Å"appear to be working.â⬠As Nurkse has remarked, ââ¬Å"In an overpopulated peasant economy, we cannot point to any person and say he is unemployed in disguise. The people may all be occupied and no one may consider himself idle.â⬠The concept of disguised unemployment was originally conceived by Mrs. Joan Robinson. Her concept of disguised unemployment is more applicable to the advanced developed countries. According to her, ââ¬Å"a decline in demand for the product of the general run of industries leads to a diversification of labour from occupations in which productivity is higher, to others where it is lower. The cause of this diversion, a decline in effective demand, is exactly the same as the cause of unemployment in the ordinary sense and it is natural to describe the adoption occupations by dismissed workers as disguised unemployment.â⬠Conclusion Unemployment is something which is of great concern to individuals as well as the economy. It is surely something to worry about as it wastes economic resources and causes human suffering such as poverty, famine, depression and so on. Also experiences of unemployment are becoming much longer in duration and are increasing significantly. Hence alleviation of unemployment is a prime aim of the government in order to boost the economy. How could you measure unemployment and discuss the problem associated with each measure? Most people understand intuitively that being unemployed means not having a job. That said, itââ¬â¢s important to understand more precisely how unemployment is measured in order to properly interpret and make sense of the numbers. Basically there are two types of method to measure unemployment: I. Claimant count method II. The Labour Force Survey Claimant Count Method This method calculates unemployment by measuring the number of people receiving benefits (Job Seekers allowance). If the rate is up, it indicates a lack of expansion within the labor market, while it indicates economic expansion and could spark inflationary pressures if the rate is down. Generally, a decrease of the figure is seen as positive, while an increase is seen as negative. Source: www.fxwords.com Graph 2 shows: claimant count of United Kingdom An example of a claimant count chart can be illustrated above where we can analyses a decreasing trend during the years of people claiming for unemployment benefits thus indicating beneficial economic conditions, ceteris paribus. The Labour Force Survey A labour force survey is an inquiry directed to households designed to obtain information on the labour market and related issues by means of personal interviews. The information collected on the labour market can then be used to develop, manage, evaluate and report on labour market policies. According to the Mauritius Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment survey the following result were obtained: Second quarter 2012 1. Employment of Mauritians is estimated at 548,300 at the second quarter of 2012 compared to 535,500 at the first quarter of 2012 and 531,400 at the second quarter of 2011. 2. The unemployment rate is estimated at 8.2% for the second quarter of 2012 compared to 8.0% at both the first quarter of 2012 and the second quarter of 2011. 3. The main characteristics of the unemployed at the second quarter of 2012 were: (i) The 48,900 unemployed comprised 20,100 males (41%) and 28,800 females (59%). (ii) Around 22,300 (46%) of them were aged below 25 years. (iii) About 55% of the unemployed were single. Among males, the majority (80%) was single while among females, the majority (61%) was ever married. (iv) Some 7,800 or 16% had not reached the Certificate of Primary Education (CPE) level or equivalent and a further 21,900 (45%) did not have the Cambridge School Certificate (SC) or equivalent. (v) 11,300 (23%) had been looking for work for more than one year. (vi) 18,900 (39%) were looking for a job for the first time. Thus these result could be use to devise policies by the government for example whether to invest more or not, in order to combat unemployment and other economic turmoil. Reference: gov.mu Problem associated with claimant count: The criteria to be eligible for benefits often changes, usually this has been to reduce the claimant count. This makes it difficult to compare over time. The claimant count excludes: People over pension age, who will typically claim pensions rather than Job Seekers allowance People under 18, (with a few exceptions) People in full time education, who may still be classed as unemployed. People not eligible for contribution based JSA. To claim the contributions based JSA they need to have paid at least two years of NI contributions. Also, their level of savings or their partnerââ¬â¢s income may be too high to be eligible. Any one on a government training schemes Married women looking to return to work Those looking for part time work and not full time work Some people may claim benefits whilst still working in the ââ¬Å"black marketâ⬠i.e. claim JSA fraudulently. Some people may be able to work upto 16 hours a week and still legally claim JSA (JSA- Job Seekers allowance) Problem associated with Labour force survey It could be subject to sampling errors and may not be truly representative. The sample chosen may be from just few regions of the country, instead of the whole population/every region. This will generate bias result thus it will be wrongly interpreted leading to inefficient policies to combat unemployment. It is time consuming and costly, basically conducting this survey may take months or years depending on the size of the economy and the number of population. In the same vein a lot of paper work is needed for this survey, more officers must be hired to conduct private interview. Hence there is no perfect method to measure unemployment accurately, as all measures have theirs pros and cons. For example claimant count consider various criteria to be eligible for the allowance whereas Labour Force Survey may not be representative. The method to measure unemployment also depend on the type of economy Discuss the effect of unemployment on an economy? Unemployment is universally recognized as a bad thing. It brings a lot of adverse effect to an economy. The consequences are as follows: 1. The consequences to the individual Increase health risk Unemployment increases susceptibility to malnutrition, illness, mental stress, and loss of self-esteem, leading to depression. Not everyone suffers equally from unemployment, highly conscientious people suffers more than twice. For example fresh graduates or people holding a degree but is unable to find a job are the most affected. Basically the table below shows the unemployment rate of people having a tertiary education in Mauritius. The Unemployment with tertiary education (% of total unemployment) in Mauritius was last reported at 7.90 in 2010, according to a World Bank report published in 2012. Graph 3 show: Unemployment with tertiary education (% of total unemployment) in Mauritius Source: indexmundi.com /cso Loss of income Unemployment normally results in a loss of income. The majority of the unemployed experience a decline in their living standards and are worse off out of work. This leads to a decline in spending power and the rise of falling into debt problems. The unemployed for example may find it difficult to keep up with their mortgage repayments. 2. The Consequences to the business Less overall spending When people are unemployed in large numbers, it hurts the rest of the economy, creating a cyclical problem. When people have less money to spend because of unemployment, other companies suffer from less consumer demand. Then, when companies suffer because of lost business, they might in turn be forced to make layoffs of their own, making the unemployment rate rise and overall spending drop even more. The cyclical effect of unemployment is the reason for government-issued economic stimulus packages to help businesses in difficulty. Logic suggests that when people have more money, they spend it, thereby stimulating the economy and simulating job growth. Social problems Business may be impacted by social problems associated with high unemployment (e.g. rising crime). If the market of a business is situated in a place where the crime rate is high and where there is high unemployment rate, it can have adverse effect on the business. Demand may fall due to the negative image of the areas, potential consumers may prefer to purchase their goods and services at a more secure place for personal security thus if demand fall, the firmââ¬â¢s revenue will decrease which can lead to bankruptcy consequently more people will be unemployment. Inferior goods Demand for inferior goods (lower price, quality) may increase, the demand for luxury goods will decrease. Thus business engage in production of inferior good will gain and those in luxury good will lose. Graph 1: demand for luxury goods under unemployment Graph 2: demand for inferior goods under unemployment As shown above, in graph 1 the demand of luxury goods has decrease from D to D1 due to unemployment, lack of potential buyers. Quantity supply has decreased from Q to Q1 leading to a decrease in price from P to P1. Area P,T,Z,P1 is the loss incurred by the firm operating under luxury goods production. On the contrary graph 2 shows the increase in demand for inferior goods from D to D1 due to unemployment. People will prefer to buy cheap goods due to lack of income. Quantity supply has increase from S to S1 causing price to rise in the long run from P to P1. Area P1,T,Z,P is the profit incurred by the firm operating under inferior goods production due to a rise in demand. 3. The Consequences for the government Fiscal costs High unemployment has an impact on government expenditure, taxation. An increase in unemployment results in higher benefit payments and lower tax revenues. When individuals are unemployed, not only do they receive benefits but also pay no income tax. As they are spending less they contribute less to the government in indirect taxes, the government will have to scale back plans for public spending on public and merit goods. Government Borrowing Spending along with the fall in tax revenues due to unemployment may result in a higher government borrowing requirement (known as a public sector net cash requirement). The Central government debt; total (current LCU) in Mauritius was last reported at 113289300000 in 2010, according to a World Bank report published in 2012. Graph 4 shows: The government of Mauritius debts 4. The Consequences for the economy as a whole Lost output of goods and services Unemployment causes a waste of scarce economic resources and reduces the long run growth potential of the economy. An economy with high unemployment is producing within its production possibility frontier. The hours that the unemployed do not work can never be recovered. Negative multiplier effects The closure of a local factory with the loss of hundreds of jobs can have a large negative multiplier effect on both the local and regional economy. One personââ¬â¢s spending is anotherââ¬â¢s income so to lose well-paid jobs can lead to a drop in demand for local services, downward pressure on house prices and ââ¬Ësecond-round employment effectsââ¬â¢ for businesses supplying the factor or plant that closed down. Hence unemployment affects many aspects in an economy such as social, individual, economical and so on. Unemployment affects the economy in ways that most people do not visually see. Some effects are avoidable and some are inevitable. Evaluate the impact of the different policy measures adopted by the government of Mauritius in order to control unemployment? A range of government policies are available for the Government of Mauritius wanting to reduce the scale of unemployment in the economy. The Government can do many things to try and influence the level of employment. However some policies the government use can conflict with other policies for example if they were to spend more on education and training (so increasing the skills of workers) they would have to spend less on other things such as health-care. Basically the situation of unemployment in Mauritius is alarming, here is a chart to illustrate the seriousness of the issue: ChChGraph 5 : shows the Mauritius unemployed persons Unemployed Persons in Mauritius increased to 44000 Persons in February of 2012 from 43800 Persons in November of 2011, according to a report released by the Central Statistics Office, Mauritius. Historically, from 2004 until 2012, Mauritius Unemployed Persons averaged 45757.6 Persons reaching an all time high of 56100.0 Persons in May of 2005 and a record low of 35000.0 Persons in November of 2008. Source:indexmundi.com Fiscal measure: The ââ¬ËAdditional Stimulus Packageââ¬â¢ was presented in December 2008 to support enterprises on a short-term basis. The package introduced a ââ¬ËMechanism for Transitional Support to the Private Sectorââ¬â¢, which was eventually replaced by ââ¬Ëthe Economic Restructuring and Competitiveness Programmeââ¬â¢ in 2010ââ¬â¢ under the ââ¬Å"Facing the Euro Zone Crisis & Restructuring for Long Term Resilienceââ¬â¢ Memorandum presented in August 2010. This programme also included SURE (Support Unit for Re-Employment of Employees), and plans for restructuring the tourism industry, and for supporting the sugar industry. In 2012, Rs 7.3 Billion has been committed to a National Resilience Fund to help businesses better face the economic downturn. Thus this would secure current employees job and would create new jobs. During the financial crisis in the 2008, The government of Mauritius injected Rs6 billion in the economy for education, training, food security and This massive investment has been possible due to the fruit of past reforms in terms of fiscal benefits. In addition to these policy options, the Mauritian government introduced an Additional Stimulus Package in December 2008. In effect, Rs4 billion was earmarked to save employment. Much effort was made to sustain, modernise and ease the access to finance of local enterprises to help them improve their productivity and competitiveness. In year 2011, 5000 new Small & Medium Enterprises were created and were awarded grants by the government compared to 7,600 in Reunion Island in the same year. Thus creating jobs. The government proposed a tax rebate on all earnings for new entrepreneurs in the first two years, certain taxes have been suspended over two years, in tourism, construction and other sectors. Consequently, there will be a boost in their revenue and it may encourage the creation of new jobs. Source: Le Matinal(newspaper) Supply side policies (reduce frictional and structural unemployment) To educate is to empower. The government proposed more funds allocated to SMEs so that they can provide required training to their employees. The National Resiliency Fund was created last year by the Minister of Finance to encourage ââ¬Ëthe youth employment. The government in his last budget proposed that all secondary schools have a qualified career advisor and propose that all schools promote extra-curricular activities such as the ââ¬ËYoung Enterprise Awardsââ¬â¢. There should also be qualified staff in each state school, to help channel underperforming students in their right vocation. The Minister of Finance promised Rs 500,000 to schools around the island. The more skillful you are the more secure you are to get a job. Reflating Aggregate Demand The government succeeded in attracting foreign direct investment in Mauritius as it rose by 19.8 percent in the first six months of 2012 to 4.077 billion Mauritius rupees ($133.89 million) from 3.401 billion a year ago, according to the central bank thus contributing in enhancing the real national output consequently increasing the demand for labour. Foreign direct investment has risen causing aggregate demand to shift from AD1 to AD2 consequently the demand for labour to shift from LD1 to LD2 causing an obvious decrease in unemployment. Basically in assessing the effectiveness of these measures we just have to compare the working population to previous years: Graph 6 shows: Employed persons in Mauritius Economic policies till 2008 to 2012 had a positive impact on the labour market as there has been a rise in labour force which shows the effectiveness of these policies adopted by the government of Mauritius. Hence unemployment do not have an exact definition, it do not have a measure to calculate it exactly, its effects are vast and there are various measures to combat it. Unemployment is inevitable in an economy. The economy must see unemployment as a challenge, opportunity and tackle the issue with intelligence, not as a major economic turmoil, or be afraid of. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-67216573459313162502020-01-04T23:41:00.001-08:002020-01-04T23:41:02.987-08:0010 Tips for Passing a Chemistry Exam Passing a chemistry exam can seem like an overwhelming task, but you can do this! Here are the top 10 tips for passing a chemistry exam. Take them to heart and pass that test! Prepare Before the Test Study. Get a good nights sleep. Eat breakfast. If youre someone who drinks caffeinated drinks, today is not the day to skip it. Similarly, if you never drink caffeine, today is not the day to start. Get to the exam early enough that you have time to get organized and relax. Write Down What You Know Dont risk drawing a blank when confronted with a calculation! If you memorized constants or equations, write them down even before you look at the test. Read the Instructions Read the instructions for the test! Find out whether points will be deducted for wrong answers and whether you have to answer all of the questions. Sometimes chemistry tests allow you to choose which questions to answer. For example, you may need to only work 5/10 problems. If you dont read the test instructions, you might do more work than you need to and waste valuable time. Preview the Test Scan the test to see which questions are worth the most points. Prioritize the high-point questions, to make sure you get them done. Decide How to Use Your Time You may be tempted to rush on in, but take a minute to relax, compose yourself, and figure out where you need to be when your allotted time is halfway over. Decide which questions youre going to answer first and how much time youll give yourself to go back over your work. Read Each Question Completely You may think you know where a question is going, but its better to be safe than sorry. Also, chemistry questions often have multiple parts. Sometimes you can get hints on how to work a problem by seeing where the question is going. Sometimes you can even find the answer to the first part of a question this way. Answer Questions You Know There are two reasons for this. First, it builds confidence, which helps you relax and improves your performance on the remainder of the test. Second, it gets you some quick points, so if you run out of time on the test then at least you got some right answers. It may seem logical to work a test from the beginning to the end. If you are confident that you have time and know all the answers, this is a good way to avoid accidentally missing questions, but most students do better if they skip over harder questions and then go back to them. Show Your Work Write down what you know, even if you dont know how to work the problem. This can serve as a visual aid to jar your memory or it can earn you partial credit. If you end up getting the question wrong or leaving it incomplete, it helps your instructor understand your thought process so you can still learn the material. Also, make sure you show your work neatly. If you are working out an entire problem, circle or underline the answer so your instructor can find it. Dont Leave Blanks Its rare for tests to penalize you for wrong answers. Even if they do, if you can eliminate even one possibility, its worth it to take a guess. If you arent penalized for guessing, there is no reason not to answer a question. If you dont know an answer to a multiple choice question, try to eliminate possibilities and make a guess. If its a true guess, choose B or C. If its a problem and you dont know the answer, write down everything you know and hope for partial credit. Check Your Work Make sure you answered every question. Chemistry questions often provide means of checking your answers to make sure they make sense. If you are undecided between two answers to a question, go with your first instinct. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-92146508700790371712019-12-27T20:05:00.001-08:002019-12-27T20:05:03.194-08:00Understanding Different Types of TerrorismShelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-16224813585066831472019-12-19T15:54:00.001-08:002019-12-19T15:54:03.610-08:00How Does Meditation Change The Brain And Body - 1443 Words How Does Meditation Change the Brain and Body The implications of meditation have long been controversial and abundant research studies have been done in support of meditations potential to change the brain and body. The results within this research paper center on main changes in the brain such as reducing depression, effecting levels of cognitive flexibility, and creativity due to meditation. The research also focuses on variations within the body as well as changes that may be included in both topics of brain and body relating to stress regulation, heart rate variability, and emotional responses. This research paper examines these articles and their studies in order to support the argument that meditation encourages positive changesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With results from these self-report analyses, the anxious arousal over time after each of the four classes involving meditation compared with the control group grew increasingly more significant. This positive relationship demonstrates the affirmative effect of meditation. The important details in this study that also help support the findings in the first article mentioned in this paper, are the results that reduced distress was encouraged in this study by meditations ability to aid breast cancer survivors in emotion regulation which in turn led to reduced stress (Boyle et al., 2017). We can now start to see how these articles link emotion in support of the argument of benefits of meditation to the brain. While Shearer et al.ââ¬â¢s (2016) study focuses on student stress and HRV; it also suggests that HRV is a prime indicator to evaluate the influence of meditation on emotional regulation, because it cannot be biased whereas a self-report may be subjected to such partiality. This note is significant because this data is impartial and provides numerical figures that aid the argument presented in a more pressing way than some of the other studies examined might. Another study done by Rosenberg, Zanesco, King, Aichele, Jacobs, Bridwell and Saron (2015) also provides us with objective data relative to meditation and its affiliation with enhancing emotion regulation. This was the first study to take experienced meditatorsShow MoreRelated Meditation and the Brain Essay1538 Words à |à 7 PagesMeditation and the Brain When discussing the relationship of brain and behavior, the materialist view of human experience runs into conflict with the historically dominant religious accounts. Recent studies, however, suggests that there may be a middle view between the two world-views. Religions, especially Buddhism, stress the role of meditation in ones spiritual growth. Meditation has tangible psychological and physiological benefits, though, which can be explained strictly in neurobiologicalRead MoreThe Power Of The Mind : Mindfulness Meditation1574 Words à |à 7 PagesNichols Travis Health 101 4-20-2017 The Power of the Mind: Mindfulness Meditation Mind over matter, the idea that our minds have the power to overcome physical problems. One of the most ancient techniques that points to this concept is called mindfulness meditation. This ancient practice is now being researched by todays psychologist and neuro scientist for its benefits to our wellness. My research topic will explain how meditation impacts our health. If our minds have the power to heal ourselves throughRead MoreMeditation Replacement For Patients With Depression Essay1401 Words à |à 6 Pages I: Main topic = Meditation replace medication in terms of treating depression. A.Introduce main topic, thesis, terms, etc (Introductory Paragraph) i. Hook: The recognition of depression as a common mental illness should lead to studies regarding what form of treatment is best for a patient, but antidepressants seem to be the unimpressive go-to. ii. Terms discussed in paper: CBT: Cognitive-behavioural therapy; HEP: Health enhancement program; TAU: Treatment as usual; TRD: Treatment-resistantRead MoreHow Meditation Affects Brain Plasticity Essay1374 Words à |à 6 PagesMeditation means to concentrate and connect with onesââ¬â¢ own mind, to explore identity and emotions in order to be aware of conscious, sub-conscious and unconscious thoughts. Meditation originates and has been has been practiced in Asia for thousands of years for different reasons such as increasing concentration abilities, religious purposes and also to train the mind. This essay will focus on how meditation affects brain plasticity (ability to change), emotionally and intellectually, leading to betterRead MoreDescartes Meditations And The Separation Of Mind And Body1608 Words à |à 7 PagesDescartesââ¬â¢ Meditations take us through what can be called into doubt and what he concludes is absolutely certain. Descartes argues that the mind and body are two distinct things, but he acknowledges that they are somehow connected. Although, Scholars have noted Descartesââ¬â¢ argument of the separation of mind and body, they have missed the importance of how he justifies the connection between the two, because God willed it so. At the start of his meditations Descartes is sifting through his priorRead More How The Brain Works Essay1307 Words à |à 6 Pagesphysical events, and scientists believe examining single nerves is the key to understanding how the brain works as a complete unit. Understanding the brain at the nerve cell level will allow scientists to understand how human consciousness works (Blakeslee, 1992). Furthermore, the brains thalamus is identified as the possible sensory connector because it fires 40 impulses per second that sweep through the entire brain (Blakeslee, 1995a). These findings are a serious implication to Dualism because it statesRead MoreAlternative Medicine On The Body And The Brain1272 Words à |à 6 Pagesbelief that the body and the brain can heal themselves and prevent illness. Alternative medicine focuses on the use of natural means to build up one s energy and immune system for wellness and prevention. Alternative medicine focuses on improving brain chemistry through n atural means. It focuses on getting the body to take care of itself. Alternative medicine is based on the premise that health is impacted by the energy body, the conscious and subconscious mind and the physical body. Thoughts, energyRead MoreEssay on Descartes - Meditations1640 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. His uncertainty of things that existence ranges from God to himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by first proving that he exists. After he establishes himself he can go on to establish everything else in the world. Next he goes to prove that the mind is separate then the body. In order to do this he must first prove he has a mind, and then prove that bodily things exist. I doRead More Descartes - Meditations Essay1649 Words à |à 7 Pages In the Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. His uncertainty of things that existence ranges from God to himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by first proving that he exists. After he establishes himself he can go on to establish everything else in the world. Next he goes to prove that the mind is separate then the body. In order to do this he must first prove he has a mind, and then prove that bodily things exist. I do agreeRead MoreThe Impact of Stress on Health Essay1517 Words à |à 7 Pagesexperiencing difficulties in coping with the situations they are in due to the lacking of abilities or knowledge to handle them (Anxiety UK, ND). These situations are often referred as stressors. The way how individuals are reacting to these stressors is referred as stress response. Stress does not directly causes infections or ill-health to a person. Instead, the products produced in the process of stress interfere with the usual operations of the immune system. Numerous studies have proved that Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-1565223765302847452019-12-11T12:37:00.001-08:002019-12-11T12:37:03.666-08:00An Exciting Season Essay Example For Students An Exciting Season Essay Winter is my favorite season for a variety of reasons. First, I love when snowdrifts pile up high and deep. Second, when it does snow, I can make snowmen; build forts, and bomb people with snowballs. In winter, I hear Christmas caroling and jingle bells ringing. When the snow drifts up high and deep, school will be canceled and I will have more time to play. Also, my mom will enjoy it more because she can be at home and not work because of the drifts. Also, in the winter I hear Christmas caroling around the courtyard. The jingle bells are ringing and telling me I better hurry and catch my ride. The I hear paper ripping of the presents and children shouting for joy when they get what they wanted. Last but not least, when winter comes that means St. Nick will be here and he has something for me. Then on Dec. 31, I will hear paper ripping and that mean its my birthday. For all of these reasons, I hope you favorite season will be winter, trust me, its a lot of enjoyment for all ages. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-10355314485868085682019-12-04T00:20:00.001-08:002019-12-04T00:20:04.019-08:00The History of Women Activism in America Introduction The history of women activism in America was at its peak in the 1950s. This period was considered as the response to lowest point of the modern American feminism. At this period, the women came out strongly to express their concerns regarding the sexuality inequality at workplaces and in workers unions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Women Activism in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The proof of these activisms is still evident in the current persistent voice and influence of women at workplaces. The main fights of the female activism at the workplace was to remove unequal salary rates, discrimination of the seniority based on gender, classifying occupation based on sexual orientation. Thesis During the period between 1950 and 1960, American female activism changed the American society. The American feminist movement was able to raise public awareness concerning the problem of women discrimination and consequently improve the position of women in terms of career opportunities and employment terms. Changing the Reality: Education and Work In the 1950s, the US experienced a great change in the role of women from the traditional notion that women were not as predictable and reliable as men (Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 76). This caused a social tension with domestic ideals for the women were conflicting with the inalienable rights principle. The changing trend of the working women after the Second World War and naà ¯ve notion that women would go back to the traditional role of taking care of the home while men go to work evoked an atmosphere of unsettled and repeatedly unnamed discord. This social tension concerning the place of the female gender became a very crucial phenomenon in the US history as it resulted in greater social reform of the 1960s and 1970s. The most crucial argument concerns education and work experience for women and men. In the M odern Woman: The Lost Sex article written by Farnham and Lundburg, a number of factors are identified which lead to the rise of masculine dominance in the society. In the same line, Marynia Farnham and Ferdinand Lundburg noted that the level of a womanââ¬â¢s education and her work experience resulted in conflict of the mutually exclusive spheres and this interaction of the gender roles undermines the womenââ¬â¢s commitment to the home as they struggle unsuccessful to pursue roles dominated by men (Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 76).Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Farnham and Lundburg purport that the womenââ¬â¢s inability to belong to either of the spheres of work and homemaker resulted in dissatisfaction for themselves as well as their husbands (Friedan, 2001, p. 63). This means that women have to slice the glorious roles home making and children caring and then sup press their aspiration and endeavor of becoming a wage earner or professionals (Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 79). This argument put blameworthiness on the womenââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ dissatisfaction and their defiance of the traditionally prescribed feminine role. This is however incongruous with the modern world. Notion of happiness though it was dominant in the 1940s. The womenââ¬â¢s liberation movement emerged as a reaction to these prevailing conditions in 1950 and 1960 that pushed women to the limits of having to aggressively struggle for a position in the society. Women did not want to be looked at as just belonging in the home to function as fulltime housewives, to rear children and maintain the house for their husbands and children (Jacquelyn, 2005, p. 1235). However, the society looked at a working and married woman as having put her personal selfish interest ahead of those of the family. Women were supposed to be subordinate to the men and constantly being reminded that their ro le was to obey (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 101). Besides, divorce was a social misdeed and many were ashamed of getting a divorce and struggled to avoid it as much as possible. Moreover, these ideas were taught all over, ranging from media to churches and schools. The word war II took a lot of men away to fight and the industry at home required workers and more women begun to get jobs to fill these gaps. The greatest challenge was to get women out of these workplaces as the number of men increased after the World War II. Having to work for pay in the growing industries created new problems for the women and they had to deal with them fast. There was some kind of discrimination at work that was not initially found at home. Women endured domination by husband and children looking up to them but at work, they were supposed to deal with a boss who was not a relative and a bunch of male colleges who could have looked at women mainly as sex objects (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 101). Ge tting an education and work experience became a problem and a growing concern emerged of separating womanhood and work role. The lifestyle of the US had however grown to a point that it needed two sources of income to sustain a family. The concept of women having an income became crucial in sustain a family and also a driving force in the attainment of the female autonomy and definitely became a factor of cognitive dissonance concerning the position of a woman.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Women Activism in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Issues that emerged include the question that if a womanââ¬â¢s income helped sustain the family was she to remain a homemaker? Or if she has a college education why should she be a stay home mum? If she can do a professional job why should she fail to be promoted like her male counterparts? The women liberation was a very important factor at this moment in time growing from these questions. This increased the womenââ¬â¢s experiences with sexual stereotyping at work, low salaries and unequal nature of work. This increased awareness was morally and biologically relevant and the women were inspired to seek equality at work (Friedan, 2001, p. 68). This saw the Equal Right Amendments to emphasize the equal roles and right of the male and female sexes. The women liberation provided inherent zeal to all social classes, as the society shifted towards the paid work transformed the social position of American women in different circumstances. This trend opened up new opportunities and possibilities. Traditionally, women of bourgeois and pretty bourgeoisie would assist their husbands on the farm or in small businesses (Friedan, 2001, p. 68). Currently, many women have attained a college education because the movement helped to empower them (Jacquelyn, 2005, p. 1235). With college education, women are currently striving to pu rsue independent careers as professionals. Many women are now in working class as part time employees or full time employee therefore earning additional income to complement that earned by their husbands (Friedan, 2001, p. 69). Equal Pay The traces of civil right movement could have even evident in the changes of the laws around working issues Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The connection between discrimination with sexual orientation and social class is all-encompassing in the modern world as it addresses a wider range of issues highlighted in the social reform insured by the activism in the 1950s (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 101). Women are now being included in the work system as professional to managers, leaders and professionals together with the male workers and then be paid equal salaries as the male workers (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The women liberation movement bore this equality concept and a type of incremental change engraved in legislation. The equal rights act has hel ped to make discrimination based on sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, and race illegal and intolerable in the US (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). The movement was considered a form of liberal feminism and therefore less radical form of female activism (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67).Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the period after 1950s brought great change in women in the American workforce. More women have gotten into the workforce. In the past, it was not very easy to convince women to pursue professional jobs, but the media slathered the idea of women working temporary anywhere Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The womenââ¬â¢s guilt to go to work and be seen and overlooking the role of taking care of the family is now a thing of the past. During the years the Second World War was taking place, many women took jobs even in the federal bureaucracy. The government has supported the idea that women doing the same job as men should get the same or equal payment (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The government has also supported the creation of a number of childcare centers to help take care of the idea that women should assume the role of child rearing. In the past, women were discriminated and segregated to certain jobs so that they could be given lesser pay and were barred from taking cert ain jobs as they were considered to be men types of jobs (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). The women were considered not fit to take on such roles because they were too demanding, used a lot of energy or for the fact that women lacked the temperament for to handle stressful jobs (Akkerman Stuurman, 2008, p. 106). Generally, since the 1950s women liberation campaign to create awareness for equality of men and women, the role of both sexes in the 21st century has changed and the government has also been pushed to help to attain these goals (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 71). There are a number of anti-discrimination law provisions put in place for these reasons. The employment sector is govern by equal pay provision provided in the industrial law and right to equal chance of employment and participation in any form of employment (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). The law states that both men and women are legitimate worker and as such they should not be treated to any form of discrimin ation when accessing opportunities to work, the alternative they need to use, the remuneration and the work benefits provided by the government and employers (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 44). Women have more employment option than the time before 1950s when they were restricted to certain kinds of work and blocked form venturing into others. Legislation provides that they be exposed to equal chance of employment even though this took a lot of years to achieve (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 73). Employment Rights Even thought women became embraced as equal workmates to men at the workplace, their position as home makers was less affected. They still handled it as their second shift after work (Norton Ruth, 2007, p. 67). As a result, the womenââ¬â¢s movement continued to struggle for more convenient laws against discrimination at the larger society level. The period around 1950s saw the congress pass a number of bills that had been introduced previously but no action had been taken on t hem (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 46). The civil right act of 1964 had a clause protecting women but this was being used by conservatives to stop the bill from passing but women used Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to fight discrimination (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 5). Many companies could not just handle their businesses in the same old manner as the pressure from women demonstrations and campaigns pushed the government to intervene (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 46). Employers now provide work rights to their workers like maternity leaves, childcare and sick days to allow women to attend their private lives and the role of child bearing. Considering the role of women as child bearers to continue human posterity their increased shift into paid work seemed to have greatly affected fertility rates. However, there are new organization policies that emerged to provide a conducive working atmosphere for women. This allows them to take care of their work and f amily responsibilities (De Beauvoir, et al, 2010, p. 48). These provisions are addressed by the government, trade unions and other humanitarian organization. They all assert that better employers are those who recognize that employees have families and they need also to take care of their family responsibilities. These provisions enable women to benefit from paternal leaves, personal, and carerââ¬â¢s leave. Other important provision that have been achieve include job sharing and assistance together with childcare services at work but this is scare and only found in few organization (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). But with the trend set to continue increasing, many organizations will soon offer this. There is also the home based employment and part-time option. Women into Leadership Positions Member of women in trade unions increased during this period of liberation to levels of up 45% in some organization. These women were hopeful that the union would address their p light and provide equal not comparable opportunities for men and women (The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). Just the women tight movement inspired college women to be aggressive in fighting for their position in the society; the unions here provided the means, the experience, the training and the discourse to attain their goals. Women had very few top union positions but they still owned power and gained experience from the secondary positions of leadership. From such actions, there came very protective legislation that blocked women form progressing into the corporate leadership. The men at the top if the corporations demanded that managers and employees doing professional works should do so without overtime compensation but just the normal salary The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). This work condition for women violated the protective laws and women were effectively blocked from pursuing top management positions. In a number of organizations, this cause more aggressive campa igns to repeal the laws. The protective laws had kept female works away from heavy work. They did not understand why proletarian women would be required to lift heavy weights instead of offering mechanical assistance to the persons required to do that particular job. Definitely, these laws were providing inequality The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). Complete equality for both men and women are simple consistent with realization of the pledge for bourgeois democratic rights but left inequality in the society (Moss, 2010, p. 45). However since the struggle for equal opportunities, women are now being included as managers, leaders and professions at top managerial positions (The United States Senate, 1964, p. 4). Even though the percentages are still smaller in many organizations, the rate of improvement in the modern world is promising. Full equality is set to come from increased change of legislation like the Equal Pay Act Of 1963 and The Equal Rights Act Of 1964; the word sex is included alongside ethnicity, religion and race as the grounds or cause for which discrimination is made illegal (The United States Congress, 1963, para. 3). Conclusion The recent activities of the women liberation greatly changed the womanââ¬â¢s position in the society and this opened up the society leading to questioning of the subordination of women. The idea of women liberation has been evidence in working environment which still insist that there has to be complete societal change to attain full emancipation of women. This movement since of about 60 years has changed what it means to be a woman. Some people claim the paradox of economic relevant to socially subverted notion that women have surpassed men in the professional field. Second wave of feminism and the opposing anti-feminism are shaping the way a modern woman would behave in a unique manner. Reference List Akkerman, T., Stuurman, S. (2008) Perspectives on Feminist Political Thought In European History: From The Mi ddle Ages To The Present. London/New York: Routledge. De Beauvoir, S., Borde C. Chevailler S. (2010). The Second Sex, New York: Alfred A. Knopf Friedan B. (2001). The Feminine Mystique. New York: Norton. Jacquelyn, H. (2005), ââ¬ËThe Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past,ââ¬â¢ Journal of American History 91, pp. 1233-1263 Kessler-Harris, A., (2003). Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Moss, G. (2010), Moving On: The American People since 1945 (4th Ed.). Englewood Cliff: Prentice Hall Norton, M.B., Ruth, M.A., (2007). Major Problems in American Womenââ¬â¢s History, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company The United States Congress. (1963) Equal Pay Act of 1963. Retrieved from https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/epa.cfm The United States Senate. (1964) ââ¬Å"Civil Rights Act of 1964â⬠. Retrieved from https://finduslaw.com/civil-rights-act-1964-cra-title-vii-equal-employment- opportunities-42-us-code-chapter-21 This research paper on The History of Women Activism in America was written and submitted by user LukeSkywalker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-59921129605008591072019-11-27T20:50:00.001-08:002019-11-27T20:50:02.573-08:00They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers Essay ExampleThey were described as a pair of star crossd lovers Essay In Shakespeares play of Romeo and Juliet, the couples lives end tragically. They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers. Their lives and deaths were told to be fate, but if certain characters made different decisions throughout this story Romeo and Juliet may have not died at all. If things were done differently this play may have not ended the way it did. Lord Capulet is one of the people who could be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet see each other and meet with each other for the first time at the ball held Lord and Lady Capulet. Romeo sees her for the first time and instantly falls in love, Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. Juliets cousins, Tybalt becomes aware of Romeos presence at the ball and automatically assumes he is here to something bad. He gets his weapon and prepares to kill him Romeo but Lord Capulet also becomes aware of Romeos presence. Tybalt tells Lord Capulet that Romeo is a member of the Montague family, This, by his voice, should be a Montague, but Lord Capulet tells Tybalt to leave him alone because he doesnt want to disturb the ball and displease his guests. However Tybalt is still desperate to kill, Ill not endure him, so Lord Capulet clearly warns Tybalt not to lay a finger on Romeo, We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He shall be endurd. What goodman boy! I say he shall. Go to! Am i the master here, or you? Go to! Youll not endure! Tybalt unwillingly listens to Lord Capulet and stay where he is. Romeo meets with Juliet and they both fall in love with each other. If Lord Capulet had not stopped Tybalt and let him throw Romeo out of the ball, Romeo may have not died at the end of the play along with Juliet. We can not blame Lord Capulet for just wanting there to be peace between the two families but unfortunately his timing wasnt perfect. But even if Romeo did get thrown out, he had already fallen in love with Juliet. He still might have tried to seek out Juliet and the tragedy may have still taken place. The next people who could be to blame are Lord and Lady Montague. Romeo didnt have a very close relationship with his parents; he would hardly talk to them and would try to avoid them. At the beginning of the play Romeo believes he is in love with Rosaline but she doesnt really want to know him. This causes Romeo heartache and his parents are aware that there is a problem with Romeo but they have no idea he is lovesick over Rosaline, And private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial night. Lord and Lady Montague knew something was bothering him but they hardly showed any effort to talk to him and listen to his problems. If they had talked to him then maybe Romeo would not have felt down and would not have been talked into going to the ball by Mercutio and Benvolio. But because of the distance between himself and his parents he may not have opened up to his parents or listened to what they had to say. Mercutio may have also been blamed for the tragedy. The reason he could have been blamed is for convincing Romeo to go to the ball. Romeo at first did not want to go to the ball but the continuous teasing from Mercutio made Romeo reluctantly agree. If Romeo had not been persuaded into going with Mercutio to the ball he would not have seen Juliet that night and their deaths could have been avoided. Juliets Nurse could also be blamed for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The Nurse had a very close relationship with Juliet, even closer than the relationship Juliet had with her mother so it was obvious Juliet would listen to the Nurse very closely. But the Nurse along with Lady Montague wanted Juliet to marry Paris so they pressured her into marrying him; they gave her so many reasons why she should marry him. But Juliet knew she didnt want to marry him and she was too young to marry him, It is an honour I dream not of. Apart from pressuring her with marriage, the Nurse also doesnt stop from marrying the wrong person. She clearly knew Romeo was a Montague from the first time she met him, His name is Romeo, and a Montague; The only son of your great enemy. And she obviously knew of the hatred between the two families and yet she went back and forth with Romeo and Juliets messages for one another and telling them where to meet for the wedding, Then hie you hence to Friar Lawrences cell, there stays a husband to make you a wife. If she would have told Juliet not to go through with the wedding Juliet may have listened to her because of the closeness and Juliet may have not died. Friar Lawrence is another person who could have be blamed for the tragedy. He has two reasons he could have been blamed. The first is because of going ahead and marrying Romeo and Juliet. He went ahead with it because he had an image in his mind of the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, Montague and Capulet, bringing the two families together, For this alliance may so happy prove, to turn your households rancour to pure love. The second reason that he could be blamed was of the plan of the poison at the end of the play. It would make Juliet seem as though she was dead for forty-eight hours, And this distilled liquor drink thou off shall run a cold and drowsy humour. It obviously didnt work because it was a risky plan. In my opinion the person who was to blame is Friar Lawrence. I think he was to blame firstly because of the marriage between Romeo and Juliet. The reason why he married them was because he thought it would bring both families together. He obviously about this carefully enough. If anything this would bring more hatred between the families. Knowing how some members of the families usually jump to conclusions, the families would blame the other ones of causing this marriage, placing the blame on the other. Romeo and Juliet would be the target of the blame from their partners family. Romeos family would blame Juliet and Juliets family would blame Romeo. Secondly I think he should be blamed because of the poison plan. This again was not thought through properly. What if the plan did work? What if Juliet awoke and Romeo got the message and was there by her side? They would have to leave Verona due to Romeos banishment and when the Capulets found that the body of Juliet was gone they would accuse the Montague because of the hate for them. Friar Lawrence didnt think all of this through down to every possibility, so he in my opinion should be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-42137250834123306132019-11-24T04:25:00.001-08:002019-11-24T04:25:04.964-08:00What Is Stockholm Syndrome Is It RealWhat Is Stockholm Syndrome Is It Real SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If youââ¬â¢re studying for your AP Psychology exam, youââ¬â¢ve probably stumbled across the term ââ¬Å"Stockholm Syndrome.â⬠But what is Stockholm Syndrome, exactly? As it turns out, Stockholm Syndrome is a complicated diagnosis that is still surrounded in quite a bit of controversy. In this guide, weââ¬â¢ll teach you everything you need to know about Stockholm Syndrome, and weââ¬â¢ll answer the following frequently asked questions: What is Stockholm Syndrome? Where does it come from? What causes Stockholm Syndrome, and what are its symptoms? Is Stockholm Syndrome a real diagnosis? At the end of this article, weââ¬â¢ll wrap things up with an in-depth look at two real-life cases of Stockholm Syndrome. (Youââ¬â¢ll want to stick around until the end...those cases are really interesting.) Ready? Then letââ¬â¢s jump in! What Is Stockholm Syndrome? Stockholm Syndrome- which is also sometimes called ââ¬Å"trauma bondingâ⬠or ââ¬Å"terror bondingâ⬠- is defined as the ââ¬Å"psychological tendency of a hostage to bond with, identify with, or sympathize with his or her captor.â⬠In other words, Stockholm Syndrome occurs when someone who is held against their will starts to have positive feelings toward the person (or group) who is holding them captive. Also, despite being a psychological phenomenon, Stockholm Syndrome isnââ¬â¢t a mental disorder. Instead, itââ¬â¢s classified as a syndrome, which is a condition thatââ¬â¢s characterized by a set of symptoms that often occur together. In order to be diagnosed with a syndrome like Stockholm Syndrome, a person has to exhibit most- but not all!- of the major symptoms that are associated with the syndrome itself. The Kreditbanken building in Norrmalmstorg, Sweden The History of Stockholm Syndrome Unlike most syndromes, which are discovered over time as doctors uncover trends in their patients, the origin of Stockholm Syndrome can be traced back to one specific event. On the morning of August 23, 1973, Jan-Erik Olsson- who was already on parole for robbery- walked into Kreditbanken, a bank in Stockholm, Sweden. He opened fire on two Swedish police officers before taking four bank employees hostage. As part of the list of demands he issued to authorities, Olsson asked that Clark Olofsson, one of his friends from prison, be brought to him. (Olofsson would become Olssonââ¬â¢s accomplice in the Kreditbanken hostage situation, and he would go on to rob another bank two years later.) The hostage situation would last six days before police would use tear gas to subdue Olsson and rescue the hostages. The unfolding drama captured the worldââ¬â¢s attention. However, over the course of those 130 hours, another strange thing happened: Olssonââ¬â¢s hostages began to feel sympathy for their captor. One hostage, Kristin Ehnmark, told reporters after the ordeal that she and her fellow hostages were more afraid of the police than Olsson. She and her fellow hostages would later tell authorities that they were treated kindly by Olsson, even though he was holding them captive. For instance, Olsson gave his jacket to Kristin when she began to shiver, and when Elizabeth Oldgren- another hostage- became claustrophobic, Olsson allowed her to walk outside of the vault where he was holding everyone hostage.The hostagesââ¬â¢ sympathy of Olsson continued on even after their ordeal was over, and some of them even went to visit Olsson in prison! The psychiatrists who treated the victims compared their behavior to the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, that they saw in soldiers returning from war. But that diagnosis didnââ¬â¢t quite fit, especially since the Kreditbanken hostage victims felt emotionally indebted to Olsson. They felt that Olsson, not the police, spared them from death, and they were grateful to Olsson for how kind he was to them. This unique set of symptoms led psychiatrists to label this phenomenon ââ¬Å"Stockholm Syndrome,â⬠which is still what we call it today. Nick Youngson/Alpha Stock Images What Causes Stockholm Syndrome? Stockholm Syndrome occurs in people who have been kidnapped or taken hostage and held against their will. Itââ¬â¢s common for people to think that someone must be held hostage for a long period of time to develop Stockholm Syndrome, but new research suggests that isnââ¬â¢t true. Experts believe that itââ¬â¢s the intensity of the experience- not the length of it- thatââ¬â¢s one of the primary contributors to whether someone will experience Stockholm Syndrome. Additionally, some psychologists believe that Stockholm Syndrome is more likely in situations where the captors donââ¬â¢t physically abuse their hostages. Instead, captors rely on the threat of violence instead. This can be aimed toward the victim, the victimââ¬â¢s families, or even other hostages. If victims believe their captors will carry through on their threats, it makes them more compliant. Additionally, the lack of violence becomes a sign of kindness. In other words, because a captor could- but doesnââ¬â¢t- act on their threats, victims begin to see that as a sign that their captors care about them. This tension creates the defining characteristic of Stockholm Syndrome, where victims start to sympathize with and/or care about their captors. We can definitely see this in the case of the Kreditbanken robbery. Olssen threatened his hostages with physical violence but never carried through. The hostages told the press that they didnââ¬â¢t feel Olssen was a bad person, especially since he didnââ¬â¢t physically mistreat them during the hostage crisis. Circumstances like these can cause victims to think of their captors as essentially nice- or sometimes even good- people who are taking care of them. Cases of Stockholm Syndrome can show evidence of emotional manipulation or abuse, however. In these instances, the captors use emotional tactics to convince victims to sympathize with them and comply with their demands. This can involve convincing victims that the outside world is more dangerous than staying with their captors or persuading victims that the kidnapper is a victim, too.This makes victims feel like they are unable to escape from their situation, which is why people with Stockholm Syndrome stay with their captors. From a psychological perspective, most psychologists and psychiatrists believe that Stockholm Syndrome is, at its core, all about survival instinct. When people are put into extremely dangerous or traumatic situations, they often behave instinctually in order to survive. Youââ¬â¢ve probably heard of this phenomenon phrased as ââ¬Å"fight or flightâ⬠instinct, where you either run, freeze, or attack when youââ¬â¢re scared. (For the record, weââ¬â¢re runners.) But survival instinct is actually much more complicated than that, especially when it comes to complex trauma. In the case of Stockholm Syndrome, victims become attached to their captors as a way to cope with their situation. This is also a way for victims to try to make their captors sympathize with them, and thus make it less likely for their captors to hurt or kill them. In other words, building an emotional connection becomes a victimââ¬â¢s way to both cope with his/her new reality and, hopefully, to survive. Having said all of this, thereââ¬â¢s one last- but important- thing to realize about Stockholm Syndrome: it doesnââ¬â¢t involve any conscious choice on the part of the victim. Hereââ¬â¢s what we mean. Say youââ¬â¢ve been kidnapped, and youââ¬â¢re being held against your will. You might decide to be nice to your kidnappers in an attempt to stay alive and, hopefully, escape. In this scenario, you choose to act in a certain way. Stockholm Syndrome, on the other hand, only occurs when the victim starts subconsciously and involuntarily sympathizing with their captor. In these instances, victims donââ¬â¢t have any conscious idea of what theyââ¬â¢re doing, and their feelings toward their kidnappers last long after theyââ¬â¢ve been freed. What Are the Symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome? At this point, itââ¬â¢s clear that Stockholm Syndrome is situational, which means that itââ¬â¢s something a person develops in a certain set of very traumatic circumstances. (Namely, the victim has been taken hostage by a stranger and is being held captive.) Now letââ¬â¢s take a look at the four major symptoms someone with Stockholm Syndrome experiences. Symptom 1: The Victim Has Positive Feelings Toward the Captor Like weââ¬â¢ve mentioned before, this is the hallmark of Stockholm Syndrome. Despite being in a terrifying situation, someone developing Stockholm Syndrome will start to sympathize, care about, or feel positively about the person (or people) who are holding them hostage. These positive feelings make the victim more likely to comply with their captorsââ¬â¢ demands and feel guilty when they donââ¬â¢t. This was certainly true for the hostages in the Kreditbanken robbery. After her release, Kristin Ehnmark- one of the hostages- would tell reporters that she ââ¬Å"felt like a traitorâ⬠when she gave the police information behind Olssonââ¬â¢s back. Additionally, these feelings come from a perception that the captors are treating them kindly. Another of the Kreditbanken victims, Sven Safstrà ¶m, remembers his reaction to Olssonââ¬â¢s threats. ââ¬Å"All that comes back to me [now],â⬠he would tell reporters later, ââ¬Å"is how kind I thought [Olsson] was for saying it was just my leg he would shoot.â⬠These perceived acts of kindness make victims feel like their captors are caring for or protecting them, even in a bad situation. This can make victims think of their captors as good people in a bad situation, rather than criminals who are breaking the law. And remember: for the victim, these positive feelings develop subconsciously and is completely outside of their control. This reaction is their instinctual reaction to a dangerous and traumatic situation, and itââ¬â¢s a survival tactic. Symptom 2: The Victim Has Negative Feelings Toward Family, Friends, or Authorities Because the victim is aligning with their captor, victims also begin to adopt their way of thinking. Since the captors are afraid of being caught and prosecuted, the victims often take on the same anxiety as well. Additionally, some kidnappers also convince their victims that they are protecting them from a dangerous world, not the other way around. This was the case in the Kreditbanken case, where the hostages became afraid that the police- not Olsson- were the real threat. In a phone call with Swedenââ¬â¢s Prime Minister, Kristin Ehnmark explained that while she was being treated well, she was afraid ââ¬Å"the police will attack and kill usâ⬠instead. Experts explain that the phenomenon of sympathizing with the captor is a type of hypervigilance, where victims believe that the happiness of their captors is critical to their own wellbeing and safety. In other words, when the captor feels happy and safe, the victims are, too. Thatââ¬â¢s why victims displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome turn on people who threaten the captor-captive relationship, including the authorities. Symptom 3: The Captor Has Positive Feelings Toward the Victim There are two ways this works. In one aspect, the victim perceives that their captor actually cares about them. This has a lot to do with the ââ¬Å"kindnessâ⬠we mentioned earlier. When captors donââ¬â¢t act on their threats- or when they do small, seemingly nice things for their victims- it can seem like they actually care about the people theyââ¬â¢re holding captive. For example, during her time as a hostage in the Kreditbanken robbery, Elizabeth Oldgren was used by Olsson as a human shield. But he also gave her his jacket when she got cold, which Elizabeth saw as a sign of Olssonââ¬â¢s goodness. She would later tell reporters that although she had ââ¬Å"known him a day when I felt his coat aroundâ⬠her, she was also ââ¬Å"sure [Olsson] had always been that way.â⬠Despite Olssonââ¬â¢s threats and posturing, his one act of compassion made Elizabeth think that he cared about her well-being, too. The second way this works is when authorities, like FBI or police negotiators, use tactics to get captors to see their victims as humans. By doing things like asking captors to call their hostages by their first names, the authorities work to humanize the victims. Doing so makes captors less likely to kill their victims because theyââ¬â¢re afraid of getting caught, and the FBI trains its members to use this tactic to ââ¬Å"help preserve life.â⬠Symptom 4: The Victim Supports or Helps the Captor The final symptom of Stockholm Syndrome comes when a victim, instead of trying to escape, tries to help their captor rather than the authorities. In this case, the victim is putting the needs of their captor above their own freedom in order to survive. By this point, someone displaying the symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome already believes that their captor might hurt them or people they care about if they donââ¬â¢t comply with their demands. But more importantly, the victim has started to see the world from their captorââ¬â¢s point of view. Helping their captor isnââ¬â¢t something theyââ¬â¢re forced to do- people with Stockholm Syndrome do so out of their own free will and their survival instinct. This last symptom can be particularly confusing for authorities, especially when they donââ¬â¢t realize that the victim has Stockholm Syndrome. During the Kreditbanken incident, Kristin Ehnmark was allowed to speak the then-Prime Minister, Olof Palme, on the phone. Not only did she express a distrust of the police, she also demanded that the victims be allowed to escape with Olsson, not from him! To make things more complicated, this symptom can also manifest itself in a desire to help captors even after the victim has been freed. In fact, Kristen and the other victims of the Kreditbanken robbery visited Olsson in prison for years after the incident. Is Stockholm Syndrome the Same Thing as Being in an Abusive Relationship? The short answer? No. Even though many of the causes and symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome sound like the hallmarks of an abusive relationship, thereââ¬â¢s one significant difference: Stockholm Syndrome only occurs in situations where a victim doesnââ¬â¢t know their captor. In other words, in order to develop Stockholm Syndrome, a victim must have never met their kidnapper before. Domestic abuse, on the other hand, requires some sort of prior contact. In cases of domestic abuse, the victim and the perpetrator know each other in some way- theyââ¬â¢re related, romantically involved, or in some other close relationship. So while abusive relationships and Stockholm Syndrome might share some characteristics, they arenââ¬â¢t the same thing. Is Stockholm Syndrome a Real Diagnosis? Although Stockholm Syndrome has captured public imagination, there is controversy in the medical community about whether it should be classified as its own disorder. Psychologists and psychiatrists use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-5, as the holy grail of psychological diagnoses. Itââ¬â¢s the standard diagnostic tool for any and all psychiatric illnesses and disorders...and Stockholm Syndrome doesnââ¬â¢t appear in the DSM-5. Thatââ¬â¢s the case for a few reasons. First, the symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome are very similar to those of trauma bonding or post-traumatic stress disorder, both of which do appear in the DSM-5. Psychiatrists and psychologists, however, arenââ¬â¢t in agreement about which classification Stockholm Syndrome falls under. Because thereââ¬â¢s no extensive body of research or consensus to help solve the argument, Stockholm Syndrome is left out of the DSM-5 entirely. Second, Stockholm Syndrome is incredibly hard to study because itââ¬â¢s so rare. (More on that in a second.) That means itââ¬â¢s hard to come up with a widely accepted metric for diagnosing Stockholm Syndrome since each case is so unique. That makes it nearly impossible to develop a diagnostic rubric for Stockholm Syndrome, which is the DSM-5ââ¬â¢s primary purpose. Lastly, Stockholm Syndrome is a syndrome, not a mental disorder or a mental illness. That means that itââ¬â¢s a collection of associated symptoms with no root biological or mental cause. While there are ramifications of Stockholm Syndrome that are similar to post-traumatic stress disorder, the onset of Stockholm Syndrome is situational, not pathological. So that brings us back to our first question: is Stockholm Syndrome a real diagnosis? Yes and no. While Stockholm Syndrome is not a recognized psychological diagnosis of a mental illness or disorder in the DSM-5, it is a clinical way to explain the unique symptoms that some kidnap and hostage victims display. Nick Youngson/Alpha Stock Images Are There Famous Examples of Stockholm Syndrome? Despite being a fairly well-known psychological condition, Stockholm Syndrome in real life is remarkably rare. According to the 2007 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 73 percent of all kidnapping victims show no evidence of Stockholm syndrome whatsoever. Of those victims remaining, fewer than five percent will develop Stockholm syndrome at all. (In contrast, abusive domestic relationships- which share many of the characteristics of Stockholm syndrome- are unfortunately much more common.) So why are people so curious about a syndrome that occurs so rarely? Along with being a fascinating psychological topic, Stockholm Syndrome continues to capture the imagination of the public in movies, television shows, and even music. In fact, itââ¬â¢s such a pervasive topic in pop culture that the syndrome even has its own write-up on TVTropes.com! This preoccupation with Stockholm Syndrome means that when the rare case does occur, it triggers a media frenzy. Letââ¬â¢s take a look at two of cases of Stockholm Syndrome that captured the worldââ¬â¢s attention. Patty Hearst after her arrest in 1975 Patty Hearst One of the most famous cases of Stockholm Syndrome is the kidnapping of Patty Hearst. In February 1974, 19-year-old Patty Hearst was kidnapped from her apartment in Berkeley, California by a group calling themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army, or SLA. The SLA was a radical activist group that used tactics like bank robbing, murder, and kidnapping to wage war- both ideological and literal- against the U.S. Government, which they viewed as an oppressive ââ¬Å"capitalist state.â⬠The SLA decided to kidnap Patty Hearst because she was the granddaughter of billionaire newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst and the heiress to his fortune. The SLA had three goals in kidnapping Patty Hearst. First, they wanted media attention for their anti-capitalist platform (which they definitely received). Second, they wanted to extort money from Pattyââ¬â¢s family to fuel their cause. And last, the SLA planned to brainwash Patty into becoming not only a member of the SLA, but the poster child of their movement. Unfortunately, although the Hearst family would meet most of the SLAââ¬â¢s demands- which included donating $8 million dollars to feed the poor- the SLA didnââ¬â¢t release Patty to her family. Patty wouldnââ¬â¢t be seen for two months, and when she did reappear, it was shocking. In April 1974, the SLA robbed Hibernia Bank in San Francisco...and Patty Hearst was one of the robbers. Security footage showed Patty wielding a machine gun and helping in the robbery, looking quite unlike someone who was being held against her will. After the robbery, the SLA released a pre-taped message from Patty herself. In the recording, Patty called herself ââ¬Å"Taniaâ⬠and claimed that she was now a voluntary member of the SLA movement. The video sparked widespread public debate. Had Patty been brainwashed by the SLA? Or had she orchestrated the kidnapping plot in order to join the organization and extort money from her family? This debate would end up playing out in court. Patty and other members of the SLA were captured by the FBI in September 1975, eight months after Pattyââ¬â¢s kidnapping. She was charged with armed robbery along with a handful of other crimes, and her defense team argued that she had Stockholm Syndrome. But that was a hard case to make: the Kreditbanken robbery had happened just two years earlier, and Stockholm Syndrome was still a new idea in the public consciousness. Ultimately, the jury was unconvinced by the defense, and Patty Hearst was still sentenced to seven years in prison. She would serve two years in prison before her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter. Although there is still quite a bit of controversy surrounding the Patty Hearst case, her situation is now regarded as one of the best examples of Stockholm Syndrome outside of the Kreditbanken hostage situation. Jaycee Dugard in 1991 (Family Photo/CNN) Jaycee Dugard The kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard is another famous case of Stockholm Syndrome that became a media sensation. On June 10, 1991, 11-year-old Jaycee Dugard was abducted while walking home after getting off the school bus. Her mother had moved the family to Meyers, California a year earlier because she thought it was a safer place to raise her children, but now her worst fears had been realized. Once people realized that Jaycee was missing, the community leaped into action. Despite a widespread search effort and tons of media coverage- including a feature on Americaââ¬â¢s Most Wanted- Jaycee Dugard seemed to have disappeared without a trace. Many thought Jaycee was dead, but her mother held out hope that she was still alive.And she was alive, but she was being held against her will in Antioch, California...just three hours away from her childhood home. Jaycee was held captive until 2009, and even then, she was only rescued because her kidnapper made some critical mistakes. Phillip Greg Garrido, who was on parole for kidnapping and a registered sexual offender, visited the University of California, Berkeley campus looking for a place to hold a special event as part of his ââ¬Å"Godââ¬â¢s Desireâ⬠program. Garrido believed that angels were communicating with him and had granted him supernatural powers, and he wanted to proselytize on the campus. The UC Berkeley events office and campus police reported him to his parole officer, who asked Garrido to come in for a meeting. He did and brought his wife, Nancy, Jaycee, and Jayceeââ¬â¢s two daughters. (Garrido had repeatedly sexually assaulted Jaycee, who had two children as a consequence.) The police separated Jaycee from Garrido and started questioning her. Jaycee insisted her name was ââ¬Å"Allissa,â⬠and she only admitted her true identity after Garrido confessed to his crimes. By this point, Jaycee had lived with Garrido as ââ¬Å"Allissaâ⬠for longer than she had lived with her biological parents. During her questioning at the police station, authorities immediately noticed that Jaycee was displaying symptoms of Stockholm Syndrome. This became even more apparent as more of Jayceeââ¬â¢s story came to light. For instance, as Jaycee got older, Garrido and his wife would take her out into public, including local festivals and fairs. Dugard even helped Garrido run a printing business out of his house. She worked as his graphic designer, answered phone calls and emails, and even met with clients. Despite this, she never made any attempts to escape or reveal her true identity. During an interview with Diane Sawyer for ABC News, Jaycee explained why she never tried to run away and her experience with Stockholm Syndrome. When Sawyer asks Jaycee why she didnââ¬â¢t run, she says, ââ¬Å"in the situation...it wasnââ¬â¢t an option.â⬠She goes on to say that Garrido convinced her that the outside world was dangerous, and that staying with him was the only way to keep herself and her children safe. Sawyer then asks Jaycee if she will ever understand why she didnââ¬â¢t try to leave, and Jaycee responds, ââ¬Å"No. I donââ¬â¢t think so.â⬠Like the Kreditbanken victims, Stockholm Syndrome convinced Jaycee that she was safer staying with her captor than trying to leave. Today, Jaycee uses her experience as a kidnapping victim and trauma survivor to help others who have experienced similar situations. Through her non-profit, the JAYCFoundation, Jaycee works to raise awareness and support for families who have experienced the abduction of a loved one. Now What? If you or someone you know is in a situation like the ones weââ¬â¢ve described above, reach out for help. You can always contact The National Domestic Violence Hotline by phone, text, or web chat for help. Looking for more resources on AP test topics? Weââ¬â¢ve got plenty, like a run-down on the different modes of persuasion and a huge list of AP biology study guides! If the term ââ¬Å"AP Testâ⬠is no for you, donââ¬â¢t worry! Hereââ¬â¢s a primer on AP exams and a breakdown of the average score for each one. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6777712904357782643.post-26898248363770830972019-11-21T06:35:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:35:16.628-08:00MDCs Approach To Motivating And Coordinating Employees In Xerox Essay - 10MDCs Approach To Motivating And Coordinating Employees In Xerox - Essay Example This could most clearly demonstrate the role of Clendenin being the authority as the project manager within the organization because they are let go to coordinate activities and build teams according to their own creative standards and communication patterns after the rational career development training. The sources of power in a matrix organization like Xerox are very disparate and changeable, to reflect the external environment of change and dynamism in a competitive industry. Clendenin created many new opportunities for looking at organizations and the relationships that are formed out of a sense of circumstance and happening rather than out of a sense of totalized management planning. The result was a more open and malleable system that accounts for vagaries in the organization and obstacles that may not be as easily accounted for from other, more rationally strict viewpoints. This perspective also often stresses the ability of the face of the organization, like Clendenin, to determine its corporate culture. Clendenin has a strong social network based on a foundation of team-based management. MDC has made various organizational design choices as shown in the case, particularly revolving around its new career development initiatives and new procedures that focus on teamwork as well as effective management. In terms of its status as an organization as shown and depicted in the case, MDC has faced design challenges in various ways. In terms of vertical differentiation, this has been met at the organization through the maintenance of systems within a matrix type design, which still has differentiated areas of control such as those of project manager and sub-project manager, who are able to balance between the multinational sections of the organization and the more domestic management- or budget-oriented sections, which form two distinct organizational cultures. Shelton Mcmillanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14981331488676764741noreply@blogger.com0